Koopmans M, Brown D
Research Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1999 Jan;88(426):14-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1999.tb14320.x.
Group A rotaviruses are a major cause of severe gastroenteritis in children under 4 y of age worldwide. Group A rotaviruses have been identified in many animal and bird species, they are antigenically complex, and multiple serotypes infect humans. Re-assortant rotavirus vaccines are now available which confer protection against severe illness due to rotavirus serotypes G1-4. Before vaccines are introduced it is necessary to establish the diversity of rotavirus in the target population to ensure efficacy and to establish a baseline for future surveillance strategies. The purpose of this review is to describe our current knowledge of the diversity of rotaviruses across Europe. Since multinational studies with standardized methodology have not been performed, this review is based on the available published studies. In Europe, more than 90% of Group A rotavirus strains that have been typed are of serotypes G1-4, with an average 8% of non-G1-4 strains in published studies. The percentage of non-typeable strains may fluctuate from one year to another, and has been as high as 18% in one study in Great Britain, indicating the need for a more systematic study. Group A rotavirus infection typically occurs as a winter peak in the European countries studied. Comparison of seasonality data from national laboratory surveillance systems showed seasonal differences, with the annual rotavirus peak occurring first in Spain, usually in December, followed by France in February, and ending in Northern Europe in England and Wales in February or March, and the Netherlands and Finland in March.
A组轮状病毒是全球4岁以下儿童严重胃肠炎的主要病因。A组轮状病毒已在许多动物和鸟类物种中被发现，它们抗原性复杂，多种血清型感染人类。现在已有重组轮状病毒疫苗，可预防由G1-4血清型轮状病毒引起的严重疾病。在引入疫苗之前，有必要确定目标人群中轮状病毒的多样性，以确保疫苗效力，并为未来的监测策略建立基线。本综述的目的是描述我们目前对欧洲轮状病毒多样性的了解。由于尚未开展采用标准化方法的跨国研究，本综述基于现有的已发表研究。在欧洲，已分型的A组轮状病毒株中，超过90%为G1-4血清型，在已发表研究中，非G1-4株平均占8%。不可分型毒株的比例可能逐年波动，在英国的一项研究中高达18%，这表明需要进行更系统的研究。在所研究的欧洲国家中，A组轮状病毒感染通常在冬季达到高峰。对国家实验室监测系统的季节性数据进行比较，发现存在季节性差异，轮状病毒年度高峰首先出现在西班牙，通常在12月，随后是法国在2月，在北欧则于2月或3月在英格兰和威尔士结束，在荷兰和芬兰于3月结束。
