O'Ryan Miguel
Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009 Mar;28(3 Suppl):S60-2. doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181967c29.
Rotavirus is a double-stranded RNA virus that is characterized by substantial genetic diversity. The various serotypes of rotavirus have been determined by the presence of neutralizing epitopes on the outer capsid of the protein shell. At present, 5 rotavirus serotypes (G1, G2, G3, G4, G9) are the predominant circulating strains, accounting for approximately 95% of strains worldwide, although there is considerable geographic variability. Incidence rates for various serotypes also vary temporally with seasonal and year-to-year fluctuations. Unusual serotypes are generally uncommon, but new serotypes can emerge. In particular, G9[P8], a reassortment virus, was first identified in 1983 and in the last 10 to 15 years has become widely distributed worldwide. Indeed, G9[P8] has become highly prevalent in many countries in Europe and Australia, with somewhat lower incidence rates in South America, Africa, and Asia. The heterogeneity and ever-changing epidemiology of rotavirus underscores the need for continued surveillance to ensure that vaccination programs provide optimal protection.
轮状病毒是一种双链RNA病毒，其特点是具有高度的基因多样性。轮状病毒的不同血清型是由蛋白质外壳外膜上中和表位的存在来确定的。目前，5种轮状病毒血清型（G1、G2、G3、G4、G9）是主要的流行毒株，占全球毒株的约95%，不过存在相当大的地域差异。不同血清型的发病率也随季节和逐年波动而发生时间变化。不常见的血清型通常较为罕见，但新的血清型可能会出现。特别是，G9[P8]这种重配病毒于1983年首次被发现，在过去10至15年里已在全球广泛传播。事实上，G9[P8]在欧洲和澳大利亚的许多国家已高度流行，在南美洲、非洲和亚洲的发病率略低。轮状病毒的异质性和不断变化的流行病学凸显了持续监测的必要性，以确保疫苗接种计划能提供最佳保护。
