Howe M J, Davidson J W, Sloboda J A
Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, England.
Behav Brain Sci. 1998 Jun;21(3):399-407; discussion 407-42. doi: 10.1017/s0140525x9800123x.
Talents that selectively facilitate the acquisition of high levels of skill are said to be present in some children but not others. The evidence for this includes biological correlates of specific abilities, certain rare abilities in autistic savants, and the seemingly spontaneous emergence of exceptional abilities in young children, but there is also contrary evidence indicating an absence of early precursors of high skill levels. An analysis of positive and negative evidence and arguments suggests that differences in early experiences, preferences, opportunities, habits, training, and practice are the real determinants of excellence.
据说，某些孩子具备一些能够有选择地促进高水平技能习得的天赋，而其他孩子则没有。这方面的证据包括特定能力的生物学关联、自闭症学者身上某些罕见的能力，以及幼儿身上看似自发出现的超常能力，但也有相反的证据表明不存在高技能水平的早期先兆。对正反两方面证据及论点的分析表明，早期经历、偏好、机会、习惯、训练和实践方面的差异才是卓越的真正决定因素。
