Drake Jennifer E, Winner Ellen
Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2009 May 27;364(1522):1449-58. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0295.
A local processing bias in the block design task and in drawing strategy has been used to account for realistic drawing skill in individuals with autism. We investigated whether the same kind of local processing bias is seen in typically developing children with unusual skill in realistic graphic representation. Forty-three 5-11-year-olds who drew a still life completed a version of the block design task in both standard and segmented form, were tested for their memory for the block design items, and were given the Kaufmann Brief Intelligence Test-II. Children were classified as gifted, moderately gifted or typical on the basis of the level of realism in their drawings. Similar to autistic individuals, the gifted group showed a local processing bias in the block design task. But unlike autistic individuals, the gifted group showed a global advantage in the visual memory task and did not use a local drawing strategy; in addition, their graphic realism skill was related to verbal IQ. Differences in the extent of local processing bias in autistic and typically developing children with drawing talent are discussed.
在方块设计任务和绘图策略中存在的局部加工偏差，已被用于解释自闭症个体的写实绘画技巧。我们调查了在具有超常写实图形表征能力的正常发育儿童中，是否也存在同样类型的局部加工偏差。43名5至11岁画静物的儿童完成了标准形式和分段形式的方块设计任务版本，测试了他们对方块设计项目的记忆，并进行了考夫曼简明智力测验第二版。根据儿童绘画的写实程度，将他们分为有天赋、中等天赋或正常组。与自闭症个体相似，有天赋组在方块设计任务中表现出局部加工偏差。但与自闭症个体不同的是，有天赋组在视觉记忆任务中表现出整体优势，且不采用局部绘图策略；此外，他们的图形写实技巧与言语智商有关。本文讨论了自闭症儿童和有绘画天赋的正常发育儿童在局部加工偏差程度上的差异。
