Fagerli R A, Wandel M
Institute for Consumer Research, Lysaker, Norway.
Appetite. 1999 Apr;32(2):171-90. doi: 10.1006/appe.1998.0188.
Socio-cultural theories about gender differences with regard to food and health constitute the point of departure for this paper, which is based on data from two representative surveys in the Norwegian population. Both were carried out in the autumn of 1994; the first with 1050, the second with 13 200 respondents above 15 years of age. The surveys included questions on: (1) opinions on food and health related issues; (2) self reported dietary changes during the last 3 years prior to the study; (3) frequency of consumption of selected foods. Gender differences are analysed and related to various socio-economic variables. Such differences, although not as pronounced as expected, were found for most of the aspects studied. The responses from women were less related to socio-economic variables than those of men, both concerning opinions on what constitutes a healthy diet, and frequency of consumption of some foods (vegetables, fruits and dairy products). Gender differences were more pronounced between than within socio-economic groups. In line with theories about women's higher health consciousness, women in general reported dietary changes corresponding to the dietary recommendations, and may also have learned more about health than men through their choice of information sources.
关于食物与健康方面性别差异的社会文化理论构成了本文的出发点，本文基于挪威人口两项代表性调查的数据。这两项调查均于1994年秋季开展；第一项有1050名受访者，第二项有13200名15岁以上的受访者。调查问题包括：（1）对食物与健康相关问题的看法；（2）研究前过去3年自我报告的饮食变化；（3）选定食物的消费频率。分析了性别差异，并将其与各种社会经济变量相关联。在所研究的大多数方面都发现了这种差异，尽管没有预期的那么明显。在关于什么构成健康饮食的看法以及某些食物（蔬菜、水果和乳制品）的消费频率方面，女性的回答与社会经济变量的关联程度低于男性。社会经济群体之间的性别差异比群体内部更为明显。与关于女性更高健康意识的理论一致，总体而言，女性报告的饮食变化符合饮食建议，并且通过选择信息来源，她们可能也比男性更多地了解了健康知识。
