Verbeke Wim, De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse
Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
Appetite. 2007 Jan;48(1):78-86. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2006.07.078. Epub 2006 Sep 26.
This study investigates dietary behaviour and the perceived role of food for health of pregnant versus non-pregnant women. Data were collected between 15 January 2003 and 15 March 2003 in Belgium. One hundred and forty-eight pregnant and 130 non-pregnant women aged between 20 and 40 years completed a self-administered questionnaire about their dietary behaviour and nutritional attitudes. Both sub-samples match with respect to individual factors such as relevant socio-demographics and general food perceptions. Pregnant women report higher consumption of fruits, which results in a better score for fibre intake. They also report higher consumption of beef and dairy products, as well as a higher fat intake. No difference in fish consumption between pregnant and non-pregnant women is observed. In line with recommendations, pregnant women report reduced consumption of food products with heightened safety-related risks, lower use of alcohol and tobacco, and safer food handling practices. Reduced intake of raw vegetables for food safety reasons is not compensated by higher intake of cooked vegetables. Pregnant women also report a lower frequency of moderate physical activity. Most differences in food choice by pregnant versus non-pregnant women pertain to the avoidance of specific, potentially harmful food groups. A substantial share of pregnant women does not follow upon recommendations with respect to alcohol use and exposure to tobacco. Personal medical sources for pregnant women and personal social sources for non-pregnant women are reported as the most attended sources of diet-related information. The perceived role of food for health is not different between pregnant and non-pregnant women, and there were no significant interaction effects between pregnancy and presence of children, which indicates that the observed differences in dietary behaviour can be attributed to the state of being pregnant.
本研究调查了孕妇与非孕妇的饮食行为以及食物对健康的认知作用。2003年1月15日至2003年3月15日期间在比利时收集了数据。148名年龄在20至40岁之间的孕妇和130名非孕妇完成了一份关于其饮食行为和营养态度的自填问卷。两个子样本在相关社会人口统计学和一般食物认知等个体因素方面相匹配。孕妇报告水果摄入量较高，这使得纤维摄入量得分更高。她们还报告牛肉和乳制品的摄入量较高，以及脂肪摄入量较高。未观察到孕妇与非孕妇在鱼类消费上的差异。与建议一致，孕妇报告与安全相关风险较高的食品消费量减少，酒精和烟草的使用减少，以及食品处理做法更安全。出于食品安全原因，生蔬菜摄入量的减少并未因熟蔬菜摄入量的增加而得到补偿。孕妇还报告中等强度体育活动的频率较低。孕妇与非孕妇在食物选择上的大多数差异都与避免特定的、潜在有害的食物类别有关。相当一部分孕妇没有遵循关于饮酒和接触烟草的建议。孕妇的个人医疗来源和非孕妇的个人社会来源被报告为最常参考的饮食相关信息来源。孕妇与非孕妇在食物对健康的认知作用方面没有差异，并且怀孕与子女状况之间没有显著的交互作用，这表明观察到的饮食行为差异可归因于怀孕状态。
