Williams R J, Connor J P, Ricciardelli L A
Charles Stuart University, Bathurst, Australia.
J Drug Educ. 1998;28(4):347-59. doi: 10.2190/WY6A-GKDF-3PBQ-NH3K.
The present study examined the relative importance of outcome expectancies and self-efficacy [1] in the prediction of alcohol dependence [2] and alcohol consumption in a sample of young adult drinkers drawn from a milieu previously reported as supportive of risky drinking. In predicting alcohol dependence, outcome expectancies were found to mediate self-efficacy and the same pattern was found for both males and females. This suggests that male and female drinkers may become more similar as they progress along the drinking continuum from risky drinking to dependent drinking. However, in women, in comparison to men, a greater array of expectancies and self-efficacy scales were found to predict heavy drinking, as measured by quantity and frequency. These results suggest that heavy drinking women are particularly at risk of developing drinking related complications and that preventative education needs to take into account gender differences.
本研究在一个从先前报告称支持危险饮酒的环境中抽取的年轻成年饮酒者样本中，检验了结果预期和自我效能在预测酒精依赖及酒精消费方面的相对重要性。在预测酒精依赖时，发现结果预期可调节自我效能，并且在男性和女性中均发现了相同模式。这表明，男性和女性饮酒者在从危险饮酒到依赖饮酒的饮酒连续过程中可能会变得更加相似。然而，与男性相比，在女性中，发现更多的预期和自我效能量表可预测重度饮酒，重度饮酒通过饮酒量和饮酒频率来衡量。这些结果表明，重度饮酒的女性尤其有发生与饮酒相关并发症的风险，并且预防性教育需要考虑性别差异。
