University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
Alcohol Alcohol. 2011 May-Jun;46(3):253-60. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agr016. Epub 2011 Mar 10.
To examine the predictive utility of psychological correlates of alcohol consumption identified in previous (US-dominated) research for a UK student sample and construct an integrative model predictive of alcohol dependency in a sample of first-year undergraduate students.
A self-report questionnaire completed by 230 students measured stable and modifiable correlates of alcohol dependence. Stable correlates included age when first regularly drinking (age of onset), personality traits and religiosity. Modifiable measures included drinking motives, self-efficacy, alcohol-related expectancies, prototype perceptions and normative beliefs.
The final multivariate model highlighted the importance of age of onset, sensation-seeking and a series of social cognitive measures including: social drinking motives, confidence in the ability to drink within government guidelines (self-efficacy) and the perceived quantity and frequency of alcohol consumed by university friends. Beta-coefficients indicated that self-efficacy and social drinking motives were particularly important predictors. A significant interaction was observed between age of onset and self-efficacy. Earlier onset was associated with higher levels of alcohol dependence for low and moderate, but not high levels of self-efficacy.
The model presented here could be used to identify students at risk of alcohol dependence and inform the design of campus-based interventions.
检验先前（以美国为主导）研究中确定的与饮酒相关的心理因素在英国学生样本中的预测效用，并构建一个可预测一年级本科生中酒精依赖的综合模型。
230 名学生完成了一份自我报告问卷，测量了与酒精依赖相关的稳定和可改变的因素。稳定因素包括首次定期饮酒的年龄（发病年龄）、人格特质和宗教信仰。可改变的措施包括饮酒动机、自我效能、与酒精相关的期望、原型感知和规范信念。
最终的多元模型强调了发病年龄、寻求刺激和一系列社会认知措施的重要性，包括：社交饮酒动机、对在政府指导方针内饮酒能力的信心（自我效能）以及对大学朋友饮酒量和频率的感知。β系数表明，自我效能和社交饮酒动机是特别重要的预测因素。在发病年龄和自我效能之间观察到显著的交互作用。对于低和中度自我效能，发病年龄较早与更高水平的酒精依赖相关，但对于高自我效能则不然。
这里提出的模型可以用于识别有酒精依赖风险的学生，并为校园干预措施的设计提供信息。
