Gloger-Tippelt G
Abteilung für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf.
Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr. 1999 Feb;48(2):113-28.
A new method is presented in order to assess attachment representations in preschoolers. Using the symbolic medium of doll play and story completions the internal representations of attachment in children beyond infancy can be assessed. Additionally the thesis of transmission of attachment across generations was tested empirically in a sample of 28 German families from middle class socioeconomic background as part of longitudinal study. Transmission of attachment means that parents transmit their different attachment representations to preschool-aged children. Secure and insecure attachment representation in mothers assessed with the Adult Attachment Interview, are associated systematically with their childrens' attachment representations coded from the doll play. In the present study the Adult Attachment Interview was conducted with mothers during the fifth year post delivery. Their first-born children, 17 boys and 11 girls with a mean age of 6;4 years participated in the story completion session. Using a two-fold distinction (secure and insecure) as well as a converted 4-level scale of attachment security, results revealed a correspondence between maternal and child attachment representations. According to psychometric indicaters the story completion procedure demonstrates satisfying reliability and convergent validity with the Separation Anxiety Test. Finally, reasons for the high match of mothers' and childrens' attachment representations are discussed. Maternal sensitive behavior, maternal reflection of their own childhood triggered by the observation of their own child, and various learning processes may operate as mediating factors in this case.
本文提出了一种评估学龄前儿童依恋表征的新方法。通过玩偶游戏和故事完成这一象征性媒介，可以评估婴儿期之后儿童的依恋内部表征。此外，作为一项纵向研究的一部分，在来自中产阶级社会经济背景的28个德国家庭样本中，对依恋在代际间传递的论点进行了实证检验。依恋传递是指父母将他们不同的依恋表征传递给学龄前儿童。通过成人依恋访谈评估的母亲的安全和不安全依恋表征，与从玩偶游戏中编码的孩子的依恋表征系统地相关。在本研究中，在产后第五年对母亲进行了成人依恋访谈。他们的长子，17名男孩和11名女孩，平均年龄为6;4岁，参加了故事完成环节。使用二分法（安全和不安全）以及转换后的四级依恋安全量表，结果显示母亲和孩子的依恋表征之间存在对应关系。根据心理测量指标，故事完成程序显示出与分离焦虑测试令人满意的信度和收敛效度。最后，讨论了母亲和孩子依恋表征高度匹配的原因。在这种情况下，母亲的敏感行为、母亲因观察自己的孩子而引发的对自己童年的反思以及各种学习过程可能作为中介因素起作用。
