Barich H, Kotler P
Sloan Manage Rev. 1991 Winter;32(2):94-104.
Managers know that the customer's impression of an organization is important. And sometimes companies attempt to determine just what that impression is. They conduct ad hoc surveys and focus groups. But too often the data is insubstantial, or difficult to analyze, or even inaccurate. Barich and Kotler introduce the concept of "marketing image" and describe a system of image management: designing a study, collecting data, analyzing image problems, modifying the image, and tracking responses to that image. They argue that only a systematic approach will yield useful and accurate information that a company can translate into action.
管理者们明白客户对一个组织的印象很重要。有时公司会试图确切了解这种印象是什么。他们进行临时调查和焦点小组讨论。但数据往往不充分,或难以分析,甚至不准确。巴里什和科特勒引入了“营销形象”的概念,并描述了一个形象管理系统:设计一项研究、收集数据、分析形象问题、修改形象以及跟踪对该形象的反应。他们认为只有采用系统的方法才能产生有用且准确的信息,公司可以将这些信息转化为行动。