Kerr C
Dept. of Public Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales.
J Health Adm Educ. 1991 Spring;9(2):147-61.
The new public health movement has developed over the last decade and is emerging as an alternative to traditional concepts in Europe, Canada, and Australia, but not in the U.S.A. Fundamental principles, evolved mainly by the World Health Organization under the banner of the "Health for All by the Year 2000" Strategy, include community participation in health policy development and implementation of programs, emphases on primary health care and health promotion, and inter-sectoral cooperation involving agencies whose influence impinges on health. Little attention has been given to organizational and management activities. Decentralized organization of public health activities appears to be an absolute requirement, along with firm political commitment to new public health concepts. Typically, however, health authorities have tended to develop separate bureaus for new public health activities rather than integrate the latter with traditional administrative structures. It is evident that a new style of management is needed with emphases on flexibility and interactional skills. Formal attempts to incorporate new public health principles in graduate educational programs are currently underway in Europe, where all nations are committed to the concepts. The European M.P.H., which includes an as-yet-undefined component of management education, will have a core curriculum based on the new public health. Although there has been considerable activity in Australia, uncertainty remains over the viability of the new movement due to the creation of separate bureaus operating parallel to traditional health departments and their reliance mainly on a single source of funding from the federal government.
新公共卫生运动在过去十年中得到了发展，在欧洲、加拿大和澳大利亚正逐渐成为传统观念的一种替代，但在美国并非如此。其基本原则主要由世界卫生组织在“2000年人人享有健康”战略的旗帜下提出，包括社区参与卫生政策制定和项目实施、强调初级卫生保健和健康促进，以及涉及对健康有影响的机构的跨部门合作。对组织和管理活动关注甚少。公共卫生活动的分散组织似乎是绝对必要的，同时需要对新公共卫生概念有坚定的政治承诺。然而，通常情况下，卫生当局倾向于为新公共卫生活动设立单独的局，而不是将其与传统行政结构整合。显然，需要一种强调灵活性和互动技能的新管理方式。目前在欧洲，所有国家都致力于这些概念，正在正式尝试将新公共卫生原则纳入研究生教育项目。欧洲的公共卫生硕士学位（M.P.H.）包括一个尚未明确的管理教育部分，其核心课程将基于新公共卫生。尽管澳大利亚也有相当多的活动，但由于设立了与传统卫生部门并行运作的单独局，且主要依赖联邦政府的单一资金来源，新运动的可行性仍存在不确定性。
