Poretti G G, Iionesco-Farco F, Lanz W
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1976 Nov 27;106(48):1682-7.
It is recommended that the so-called "genetically significant dose" (GSD) be applied as a quantitative index of the radiation exposure of the genetic material of a population, i.e. the dose which, if received by every member of the population, would be expected to produce the same total genetic injury to the population as do the actual doses received by the various individuals. The GSD of the Swiss population for the year 1971 was calculated on the basis of information received from physicians concerning approximately 60 000 patients. Exeripmental determination of the gonad dose was done in various hospitals with the aid of TLD dosimeter, and sensitive high-pressure and normal-pressure ionization chambers. The results show that the annual rate of increase of X-ray diagnostic examinations is 3-4% in Switzrland as elsewhere. The GSD for Switzerland amounted in 1971 to 42-43 mrad per person as compared with 22 mrad in 1957. The "annual mean marrow dose of a population" can be calculated from the single doses received from each part of active bone marrow irradiated in the course of an X-ray examination and, as in the case of the genetically significant dose, from the demographic figures mentioned. The annual mean marrow dose (1971) for the Swiss population was tentatively calculated using the values of the mean marrow dose per examination of the UK survey of 1957/58 and amounts to about 121 mrad. Barium meal contributes about 30% of the total, while intravenous pyelography, carium enema, lumbar spine and mass miniature radiographies each account for about 10%.
建议采用所谓的“遗传显著剂量”（GSD）作为人群遗传物质辐射暴露的定量指标，即如果人群中的每个成员都接受该剂量，预期会对人群产生与各个个体实际接受剂量相同的总遗传损伤。根据从医生那里获得的约60000名患者的信息，计算了1971年瑞士人群的GSD。在各医院借助热释光剂量计以及灵敏的高压和常压电离室对性腺剂量进行了实验测定。结果表明，瑞士的X射线诊断检查年增长率与其他地方一样为3%-4%。1971年瑞士的GSD为每人42-43毫拉德，而1957年为22毫拉德。“人群的年平均骨髓剂量”可根据X射线检查过程中受照射的活跃骨髓各部分所接受的单次剂量计算得出，与遗传显著剂量的情况一样，也可根据上述人口统计数据计算得出。利用1957/58年英国调查中每次检查的平均骨髓剂量值，初步计算出1971年瑞士人群的年平均骨髓剂量约为121毫拉德。钡餐约占总量的30%，而静脉肾盂造影、钡灌肠、腰椎和集体微型射线照相各占约10%。
