von Graevenitz A, Grehn M
Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig A. 1976 Dec;236(4):513-30.
The diagnosis of obligately aerobic Gram-negative rods in the clinical laboratory may encounter difficulties since media used for Enterobacteriacae are only partially usable for the diagnosis of this group of bacteria (Psuedomonas, Xanthomonas, Alcaligenes, Achromobacter, Brucella, Bordetella, Flavobacterium, Moraxella, Acinetobacter, and some still unnamed taxa). We have developed a diagnostic scheme, based on recent publications in the field and representing an extension of earlier tables from this and other laboratories, which attempts to classify a maximal number of obligately aerobic Gram-negative rods with a minimal number of tests. The scheme, employed on 4051 strains, used blood agar and MacConkey Agar as isolation media. Growth characteristics on these media and microscopic morphology may be of help, but only the type of growth on Triple Sugar Iron (or Kligler's) Agar is characteristic for the group as a whole (no growth in the butt, alkalinization or no pH change on the slant). A primary identification series employs tests for oxidase (Kovacs), oxidation of glucose and xylose (in OF medium), deoxyribonuclease and indole (in DNase Test Agar with Methyl Green), nitrate reduction (in Indole Nitrite Medium), motility (hanging drop), and fluorescein production (on Flo Agar). Results of Kirby-Bauer antimicrobial sensitivity testing serve as additional (colistin) or confirmatory criteria. Incubation is at 30 degrees C for 24-48 hrs. If a diagnosis is not possible than, a secondary series, including tests for lysine decarboxylase (tablets), 4 hr urease, esculin hydrolysis, growth at 42 C and on SS Agar, gelatin liquefaction, and flagellar staining may have to be used, and read after 4-24 hrs at 30 degrees C. Five tables, drawn up according to oxidase, glucose, and xylose reactions, serve to identify the species or taxa. Biotypes cannot be differentiated. The scheme will need updating as more knowledge of these bacteria will become available.
在临床实验室中，对专性需氧革兰氏阴性杆菌进行诊断可能会遇到困难，因为用于肠杆菌科细菌的培养基仅部分适用于诊断这组细菌（假单胞菌属、黄单胞菌属、产碱杆菌属、无色杆菌属、布鲁氏菌属、博德特氏菌属、黄杆菌属、莫拉克斯氏菌属、不动杆菌属，以及一些尚未命名的分类单元）。我们根据该领域最近的出版物制定了一种诊断方案，它是本实验室和其他实验室早期表格的扩展，试图通过最少数量的试验对最大数量的专性需氧革兰氏阴性杆菌进行分类。该方案应用于4051株菌株，使用血琼脂和麦康凯琼脂作为分离培养基。这些培养基上的生长特征和微观形态可能会有所帮助，但只有三糖铁（或克氏）琼脂上的生长类型对整个菌群具有特征性（底层不生长，斜面碱化或pH无变化）。一个初步鉴定系列采用氧化酶（科瓦茨法）、葡萄糖和木糖氧化（在OF培养基中）、脱氧核糖核酸酶和吲哚（在含甲基绿的脱氧核糖核酸酶试验琼脂中）、硝酸盐还原（在吲哚亚硝酸盐培养基中）、动力（悬滴法）以及荧光素产生（在Flo琼脂上）的试验。 Kirby-Bauer抗菌药敏试验结果用作额外（黏菌素）或确认标准。在30摄氏度下孵育24 - 48小时。如果无法做出诊断，则可能需要使用二级系列试验，包括赖氨酸脱羧酶（片剂）、4小时尿素酶、七叶苷水解、在42摄氏度和SS琼脂上生长、明胶液化以及鞭毛染色，并在30摄氏度下4 - 24小时后读取结果。根据氧化酶、葡萄糖和木糖反应制定的五张表格用于鉴定菌种或分类单元。无法区分生物型。随着对这些细菌的了解增多，该方案需要更新。
