Heaney C A, Clemans J
Ohio State University, Department of Preventive Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210-1240, USA.
Am J Health Promot. 1995 Nov-Dec;10(2):117-24. doi: 10.4278/0890-1171-10.2.117.
This study explores two possible mechanisms through which occupational stress is linked to absenteeism. The extent to which physician-excused absenteeism and absenteeism not excused by a physician are related to employee reports of perceived stress is assessed.
A plant wide survey was conducted in January 1990. Employee reports of occupational stress gained from this survey were linked with 1990 absenteeism data from the employees' records.
A mid-sized manufacturing plant.
Complete data were available for 998 of the 1534 (65%) unionized employees in the plant.
Measures of both physician-excused absences and absences not excused by a physician were created. Stressors included role ambiguity, lack of control over work pace, and being paid on a piece-rate basis. Perceived stresses included role conflict, physical environment stresses, and overall work stress.
For physician-excused absenteeism, role conflict (OR, 1.54, p < .01), overall work stress (OR, 1.24, p < .05), and physical environment stress (OR, 1.34, p < .05) had significantly elevated odds ratios, even after adjusting for demographics. For absences not excused by a physician, none of the stressors or stresses had significant odds ratios after controlling for demographic characteristics.
Employees in this plant were not using short-term voluntary absenteeism as a way of coping with work stress. However, high levels of perceived work stress were associated with subsequent physician-excused absences.
本研究探讨职业压力与旷工之间可能存在的两种关联机制。评估了经医生批准的旷工和未经医生批准的旷工与员工所感知压力报告之间的关联程度。
1990年1月进行了一次全厂范围的调查。从该调查中获取的员工职业压力报告与员工记录中的1990年旷工数据相关联。
一家中型制造工厂。
工厂1534名（65%）工会会员员工中有998名提供了完整数据。
创建了经医生批准的缺勤和未经医生批准的缺勤的测量指标。压力源包括角色模糊、对工作节奏缺乏控制以及按件计酬。感知到的压力包括角色冲突、物理环境压力和总体工作压力。
对于经医生批准的旷工，即使在对人口统计学因素进行调整后，角色冲突（比值比[OR]，1.54，p <.01）、总体工作压力（OR，1.24，p <.05）和物理环境压力（OR，1.34，p <.05）的比值比仍显著升高。对于未经医生批准的缺勤，在控制人口统计学特征后，没有任何压力源或压力具有显著的比值比。
该工厂的员工并未将短期自愿旷工作为应对工作压力的一种方式。然而，高水平的工作压力感知与随后经医生批准的缺勤有关。
