Marcus B H, Simkin L R, Rossi J S, Pinto B M
Division of Behavioral Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, USA.
Am J Health Promot. 1996 Jan-Feb;10(3):195-200. doi: 10.4278/0890-1171-10.3.195.
This study examines the usefulness of using the stages and processes of change model to explore exercise adoption and maintenance over time.
Data for this study were collected as part of the baseline and follow-up survey of participants in a worksite health promotion project.
Three hundred fourteen employees completed exercise questionnaires. The average age was 41 years, mean body mass index was 26, average years of education were 13, and 66% were women.
The study was conducted in two worksites, a retail outlet and a manufacturing company.
Previously validated questionnaires to determine stages and processes of exercise adoption were administered at baseline and 6-month follow-up, along with questions about demographic variables.
Four patterns of stage change emerged: subjects who became more active (adopters, 26%), those who became less active (relapsers, 15%), and those who did not change over time (stable sedentary, 32%; stable active, 27%). Adopters displayed increases in use of the processes of change, whereas relapsers displayed decreases in process use. Stable profiles were associated with no change in process use.
These findings have important implications for research on exercise adoption and maintenance. Interventions tailored specifically to subjects' stage of readiness to be active and using specific processes to help in the change process are warranted at this time.
本研究探讨运用行为改变阶段和过程模型来探究一段时间内运动习惯的养成与维持情况的有效性。
本研究的数据收集于一项工作场所健康促进项目参与者的基线和随访调查。
314名员工完成了运动问卷。平均年龄为41岁，平均体重指数为26，平均受教育年限为13年，66%为女性。
研究在两个工作场所进行，一个零售商店和一家制造公司。
在基线和6个月随访时，使用先前验证过的问卷来确定运动习惯养成的阶段和过程，并询问人口统计学变量相关问题。
出现了四种阶段变化模式：变得更活跃的受试者（采用者，26%）、变得不太活跃的受试者（复发者，15%）以及随时间没有变化的受试者（稳定久坐者，32%；稳定活跃者，27%）。采用者在行为改变过程的使用上有所增加，而复发者在过程使用上有所减少。稳定状态与行为改变过程的使用无变化相关。
这些发现对运动习惯养成与维持的研究具有重要意义。目前有必要针对受试者准备积极行动的阶段进行专门干预，并运用特定过程来帮助改变过程。
