Liu Kien Ting, Kueh Yee Cheng, Arifin Wan Nor, Kim Youngho, Kuan Garry
Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Department of Sports and Health Science, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea.
Front Psychol. 2018 Dec 17;9:2402. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02402. eCollection 2018.
This study's purpose was to examine the structural relationship of the transtheoretical model (TTM) and the amount of physical activity (PA) among undergraduate students in health and medicine at Universiti Sains Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was carried out among students who took part in the co-curricular program. Co-curricular program includes activities that take place outside of the regular lectures or tutorials in the University. Students recruited through purposive sampling were informed that their participation was entirely voluntarily. Those interested completed the self-administered questionnaire, which consisted of the decisional balance, processes of change, self-efficacy, stages of change scales, and Godin leisure-time exercise questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Mplus version 8 for descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling analysis for inferential statistics. A total of 562 students participated in the study. The majority of the students was female (79.0%) and Malay (73.3%) and average of exercise sessions per week was 2.62, with a mean of 43.37 min per exercise session. The final structural model fit the data well based on several fit indices (SRMR = 0.046, RMSEA (CI: 90%) = 0.061 (0.045, 0.078), RMSEA = 0.130). The model showed that stages of change significantly affected self-efficacy ( < 0.001), pros (benefits of exercise; < 0.001), cons (barriers to exercise; = 0.022), and processes of change ( < 0.001). The model also showed significant inter-relationships among the TTM constructs and supported seven hypotheses. Among all the variables examined, only processes of change significantly affected PA ( < 0.001). However, stages of change ( < 0.001) and pros ( =< 0.001) had significant indirect effects on PA via processes of change. The findings support that individuals' stages of change affect their self-efficacy level, or the ability to make positive and negative decisions and perform behavior accordingly. The study confirms that making correct decisions and taking action accordingly can increase PA levels.
本研究旨在探讨马来西亚理科大学健康与医学专业本科生中跨理论模型（TTM）与体育活动（PA）量之间的结构关系。对参与课外活动项目的学生开展了一项横断面研究。课外活动项目包括大学常规讲座或辅导课之外进行的活动。通过目的抽样招募的学生被告知其参与完全是自愿的。感兴趣的学生完成了自填式问卷，问卷包括决策平衡、变化过程、自我效能感、变化阶段量表以及戈丁休闲时间锻炼问卷。使用Mplus 8版进行数据分析，描述性统计采用该软件，推断性统计采用结构方程模型分析。共有562名学生参与了该研究。大多数学生为女性（79.0%）且为马来族（73.3%），每周锻炼次数平均为2.62次，每次锻炼平均时长为43.37分钟。基于多个拟合指标，最终的结构模型与数据拟合良好（标准化残差均方根（SRMR）=0.046，近似误差均方根（RMSEA，90%置信区间）=0.061（0.045，0.078），RMSEA =0.130）。该模型表明，变化阶段对自我效能感（<0.001）、益处（锻炼的好处；<0.001）、弊端（锻炼的障碍；=0.022）以及变化过程（<0.001）有显著影响。该模型还显示了TTM各构念之间存在显著的相互关系，并支持了七个假设。在所有考察的变量中，只有变化过程对体育活动有显著影响（<0.001）。然而，变化阶段（<0.001）和益处（<=<0.001）通过变化过程对体育活动有显著的间接影响。研究结果支持个体的变化阶段会影响其自我效能感水平，即做出积极和消极决策并据此采取行为的能力。该研究证实做出正确决策并据此采取行动可以提高体育活动水平。
