Levy Susan S, Cardinal Bradley J
Department of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, CA 92182-7251, USA.
Res Q Exerc Sport. 2006 Dec;77(4):476-85. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2006.10599382.
The Transtheoretical Model (Prochaska & Marcus, 1994) has been widely used as a framework for understanding exercise behavior change. The purpose of this study was to clarify equivocal research findings reported for model predictions when examining stage movement over time rather than static stages and to provide some evidence of the construct validity of transitional stages. Participants were female (n = 285) and male (n = 243) undergraduates (M age = 19.9 years, SD = 2.7) who completed previously validated questionnaires twice, separated by 9 weeks, that assessed stage of change, exercise behavior, processes of change, pros and cons of exercise, and exercise self-efficacy. Participants were classified into one of five transitional shift groups based on their responses at baseline and follow up: (a) stable sedentary, (b) stable active, (c) activity adopters, (d) activity relapsers, and (e) perpetual preparers. Results of a 5 (group) x 2 (time) repeated measures (RM) analysis of variance (ANOVA) examining exercise behavior revealed a significant interaction (p < .001) and supported transitional stage classification, with activity adopters and stable actives increasing exercise over time and relapsers decreasing activity. Separate 5 (group) x 2 (time) RM ANOVAs examining model constructs revealed no significant interaction for cognitive processes of change; however, activity adopters and stable actives reported significant (p < .01) increases in the use of behavioral processes over time, while only the activity relapsers and perpetual preparers reported decreases. Activity relapsers also reported significant (p < .05) decreases in the pros of exercise. No significant interactions were found for the cons of exercise behavior. Unlike findings reported in cross-sectional studies, increases in self-efficacy did not accompany increases in exercise stage. The findings strongly support examination of stage movement classifications rather than static stages, as these transitions provide greater insight into the mechanisms of exercise behavior change.
跨理论模型（Prochaska和Marcus，1994年）已被广泛用作理解运动行为改变的框架。本研究的目的是澄清在检查随时间推移的阶段变化而非静态阶段时，该模型预测所报告的模糊研究结果，并为过渡阶段的结构效度提供一些证据。参与者为本科女生（n = 285）和男生（n = 243）（平均年龄 = 19.9岁，标准差 = 2.7），他们两次完成先前经过验证的问卷，间隔9周，问卷评估了改变阶段、运动行为、改变过程、运动的利弊以及运动自我效能感。根据参与者在基线和随访时的回答，将他们分为五个过渡转变组之一：（a）稳定久坐组，（b）稳定活跃组，（c）运动采用组，（d）运动复发组，以及（e）长期准备组。一项对运动行为进行检验的5（组）×2（时间）重复测量方差分析（ANOVA）结果显示存在显著交互作用（p < .001），并支持过渡阶段分类，运动采用组和稳定活跃组的运动随着时间增加，而复发组的活动减少。对模型构建进行检验的单独的5（组）×2（时间）重复测量方差分析显示，改变的认知过程不存在显著交互作用；然而，运动采用组和稳定活跃组报告随着时间推移行为过程的使用显著增加（p < .01），而只有运动复发组和长期准备组报告减少。运动复发组还报告运动的好处显著减少（p < .05）。运动行为的弊端未发现显著交互作用。与横断面研究报告的结果不同，自我效能感的增加并未伴随运动阶段的增加。这些结果有力地支持了对阶段变化分类而非静态阶段的检验，因为这些转变能更深入地洞察运动行为改变的机制。
