Edmundson E, Parcel G S, Perry C L, Feldman H A, Smyth M, Johnson C C, Layman A, Bachman K, Perkins T, Smith K, Stone E
University of Texas at Austin, Department of Kinesiology, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
Am J Health Promot. 1996 Jan-Feb;10(3):217-25. doi: 10.4278/0890-1171-10.3.217.
The Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health is a multi-site study of a school-based intervention designed to reduce or prevent the development of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The goal was to change (or prevent) related risk behaviors and the psychosocial variables that theoretically influence those behaviors.
A nested design was used in which schools served as the primary unit of analysis. Twenty-four schools participated at each of four sites (Austin, San Diego, Minneapolis, and New Orleans). Each site had 10 control and 14 intervention schools.
Ninety-six schools (with more than 6000 students) in the four sites were randomized to three treatment conditions: control, school-based interventions, and school-plus-family interventions. The sample included approximately equal numbers of males and females and was 67.5% white, 13.9% African-American, 13.9% Hispanic, and 4.7% other.
The psychosocial determinants included improvements in dietary knowledge, intentions, self-efficacy, usual behavior, perceived social reinforcement for healthy food choices, and perceived reinforcement and self-efficacy for physical activity.
The findings indicated significant improvements in all the psychosocial determinants measured (p < .0001). The results revealed a greater impact in the school-plus-family intervention schools for two determinants, usual dietary behavior and intentions to eat heart-healthy foods.
These findings support theory-based interventions for changing selected psychosocial determinants of cardiovascular disease risk behavior among children.
儿童和青少年心血管健康试验是一项多地点研究，旨在开展一项以学校为基础的干预措施，以减少或预防心血管疾病危险因素的形成。目标是改变（或预防）相关的风险行为以及从理论上影响这些行为的社会心理变量。
采用嵌套设计，其中学校作为主要分析单位。四个地点（奥斯汀、圣地亚哥、明尼阿波利斯和新奥尔良）各有24所学校参与。每个地点有10所对照学校和14所干预学校。
四个地点的96所学校（超过6000名学生）被随机分为三种治疗条件：对照、以学校为基础的干预措施以及学校加家庭干预措施。样本中男性和女性数量大致相等，67.5%为白人，13.9%为非裔美国人，13.9%为西班牙裔，4.7%为其他种族。
社会心理决定因素包括饮食知识、意图、自我效能感、日常行为、对健康食物选择的感知社会强化以及对体育活动的感知强化和自我效能感的改善。
研究结果表明，所有测量的社会心理决定因素均有显著改善（p < .0001）。结果显示，在学校加家庭干预的学校中，日常饮食行为和食用有益心脏健康食物的意图这两个决定因素受到的影响更大。
这些研究结果支持基于理论的干预措施，以改变儿童心血管疾病风险行为的特定社会心理决定因素。
