Larson E
School of Nursing, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
Clin Perform Qual Health Care. 1997 Jan-Mar;5(1):31-7.
Despite major strides in the prevention and control of infectious diseases, they continue to take a significant economic and social toll in the United States. While progress toward meeting the Healthy People (HP) 2000 goals related to infections is generally on target, major disparities among certain groups (e.g., low-income, racial and ethnic minorities) still exist with regard to indicators such as immunization rates and rates of preventable infections. Preventable services for infectious diseases are among the most cost-effective. Progress toward meeting and sustaining the HP 2000 goals would be improved by universal entitlement for certain prevention services; reducing inconvenience as well as economic costs; appropriate utilization of all healthcare professionals and lay experts, as well as physicians; reducing inappropriate and costly use of resources such as antibiotics and specialist time; and engagement of the public and providers in national dialogue about risk benefit decision making, prioritization of use resources, and a focus on prevention rather than cure.
尽管在传染病防控方面取得了重大进展，但在美国，传染病仍在继续造成巨大的经济和社会损失。虽然在实现与感染相关的《健康人民2000》目标方面总体进展符合预期，但在免疫接种率和可预防感染率等指标上，某些群体（如低收入群体、种族和族裔少数群体）仍存在重大差距。传染病的可预防服务是最具成本效益的服务之一。通过对某些预防服务实行普遍权利；减少不便以及经济成本；合理利用所有医疗保健专业人员、非专业专家以及医生；减少对抗生素和专家时间等资源的不当和昂贵使用；以及让公众和提供者参与关于风险效益决策、资源使用优先级以及注重预防而非治疗的全国性对话，将有助于推动并维持实现《健康人民2000》目标的进展。
