Poitout V, Moatti-Sirat D, Reach G
INSERM, Service de Diabétologie, Paris, France.
Clin Mater. 1994;15(4):241-6. doi: 10.1016/0267-6605(94)90052-3.
This paper describes the issues related to glucose sensing in the framework of the concept of disposable implants. The possibility of providing a diabetic patient with a continuous access to his blood glucose concentration and of detecting nocturnal hypoglycaemia would be a major breakthrough in diabetes therapy. To this end, our laboratories have developed a miniaturized, subcutaneous glucose sensor for glucose monitoring. It is based on the enzymatic, amperometric detection of glucose. This glucose sensor has been extensively evaluated in rats, dogs and more recently in human volunteers. Under experimental conditions, a controlled increase in blood glucose concentration is followed by an increase in the current delivered by the sensor. It is then possible to transform this current into an estimation of the glucose concentration. Experiments in rats have shown that the glucose sensor functions for up to 10 days when implanted in the subcutaneous tissue. Experiments in conscious dogs have shown that it works in a subcutaneous tissue closer to the human one. More recently, the glucose sensor was investigated in non-diabetic volunteers. These studies have demonstrated that this subcutaneous glucose sensor is able to provide a reliable estimation of blood glucose concentration in man, making it suitable for blood glucose monitoring. Biocompatibility of the glucose sensor, and particularly long-term tolerance, remains to be demonstrated.
本文描述了一次性植入物概念框架下与葡萄糖传感相关的问题。为糖尿病患者提供持续获取其血糖浓度以及检测夜间低血糖的可能性，将是糖尿病治疗领域的一项重大突破。为此，我们实验室已开发出一种用于血糖监测的小型化皮下葡萄糖传感器。它基于葡萄糖的酶促安培检测法。这种葡萄糖传感器已在大鼠、狗身上进行了广泛评估，最近也在人类志愿者身上进行了评估。在实验条件下，血糖浓度的受控升高会伴随传感器输出电流的增加。进而有可能将此电流转化为葡萄糖浓度的估算值。大鼠实验表明，该葡萄糖传感器植入皮下组织后可工作长达10天。清醒狗的实验表明，它在更接近人体的皮下组织中也能发挥作用。最近，该葡萄糖传感器在非糖尿病志愿者身上进行了研究。这些研究表明，这种皮下葡萄糖传感器能够为人体血糖浓度提供可靠估算，使其适用于血糖监测。葡萄糖传感器的生物相容性，尤其是长期耐受性，仍有待证实。
