Fernández-Montoya A
Centro Regional de Transfusión Sanguínea, Granada, Spain.
Transfus Sci. 1997 Sep;18(3):379-86. doi: 10.1016/S0955-3886(97)00026-X.
Paid blood donation still has its defenders, who cite economic doctrines denying the existence of altruism per se, the inability of most countries with exclusively voluntary donations to achieve self-sufficiency and the supposedly successful use of selected groups of paid donors. This paper argues that blood donation is an example of genuine altruism where the altruistic behaviour is incorporated into the self as a role. Unpaid donation is proven to be much safer for receivers and supply problems can be attributed fundamentally to inefficiencies in the organization of transfusion services. Voluntary and non-remunerated donation may be sufficient for a country/region to cover all its blood product needs, but requires an efficient organization and the elimination of "spurious altruism", nonmonetary forms of compensation that harm the social image of voluntary donation and obstruct its further development.
有偿献血仍有其支持者，他们引用经济理论否认利他主义本身的存在，指出大多数完全依赖自愿献血的国家无法实现自给自足，以及所谓成功利用特定有偿献血者群体的情况。本文认为，献血是真正利他主义的一个例子，利他行为作为一种角色融入了自我之中。事实证明，无偿献血对受血者来说要安全得多，供应问题从根本上可归因于输血服务组织的低效。自愿无偿献血对于一个国家/地区满足其所有血液制品需求可能是足够的，但需要一个高效的组织，并消除“虚假利他主义”，即那些损害自愿献血社会形象并阻碍其进一步发展的非货币形式的补偿。
