Balk D E, Lampe S, Sharpe B, Schwinn S, Holen K, Cook L, Dubois R
Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, USA.
Death Stud. 1998 Jan-Feb;22(1):3-21. doi: 10.1080/074811898201704.
The authors analyzed projective data obtained from 141 college students who wrote stories on three separate occasions to selected cards from the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). The students included 46 members of support groups for bereaved college students, 34 members of a bereavement control group, and 61 nonbereaved students. The study used a repeated-measures pretest-posttest control group design to gather longitudinal data about the trajectory of bereavement with and without support group intervention. Coders, who reached consistently high interrater reliability, looked for themes of death, grief, coping, and affiliation in the stories. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and repeated-measures MANOVA tests were applied to analyze coding results. Overall MANOVA results indicated significant group differences in the responses to the TAT cards. Repeated-measures MANOVA found group differences in use of themes of death and grief and found Group x Time differences in maintaining a sense of self-efficacy while in a crisis. A majority of the stories contained affiliation imagery but without any group differences in the use of such imagery.
作者分析了从141名大学生那里获得的投射数据，这些学生在三个不同场合针对主题统觉测验（TAT）的特定卡片撰写故事。这些学生包括46名丧亲大学生支持小组的成员、34名丧亲对照组的成员以及61名未丧亲的学生。该研究采用重复测量的前测-后测对照组设计，以收集有无支持小组干预情况下丧亲轨迹的纵向数据。编码人员的评分者间信度始终很高，他们在故事中寻找死亡、悲伤、应对和归属的主题。应用多变量方差分析（MANOVA）和重复测量MANOVA检验来分析编码结果。总体MANOVA结果表明，对TAT卡片的反应存在显著的组间差异。重复测量MANOVA发现，在死亡和悲伤主题的使用上存在组间差异，并且在危机中维持自我效能感方面发现了组×时间差异。大多数故事包含归属意象，但在这种意象的使用上没有任何组间差异。
