Johnson R K, Shrewsbury M M
J Hand Surg Am. 1976 Nov;1(3):205-9. doi: 10.1016/s0363-5023(76)80039-1.
Based upon the findings of dissections of 15 forearms and clinical observations in patients with disturbed architecture of the distal radioulnar joint, the pronator quadratus was found to be composed of two heads. A superficial head originated from the ulna and passed transversely to its insertion into the radius. It averaged 5.1 cm. in length, 4.5 cm. in width, 0.2 cm. in thickness, with a cross-sectional area of 0.95 cm.2 and a contractile volume of 2.6 cm.3. The deep head ran obliquely from a more proximal origin on the ulna to a distal insertion on the radius, with an average length of 4.0 cm., average width of 3.2 cm., and a thickness of 0.4 cm. Its average cross-sectional area was 1.64 cm.2 and its contractile volume 2.5 cm.3. A group of fibers occasionally was noted deep to both heads, running at right angles to them and paralleling the direction of the fibers of the interosseous membrane. The superficial head initiates pronation while the deep head coapts the joint surfaces and stabilizes the joint.
基于对15只前臂的解剖结果以及对桡尺远侧关节结构紊乱患者的临床观察，发现旋前方肌由两个头组成。浅头起自尺骨，横行至其在桡骨的止点。其平均长度为5.1厘米，宽度为4.5厘米，厚度为0.2厘米，横截面积为0.95平方厘米，收缩体积为2.6立方厘米。深头从尺骨上更靠近近端的起点斜行至桡骨上的远端止点，平均长度为4.0厘米，平均宽度为3.2厘米，厚度为0.4厘米。其平均横截面积为1.64平方厘米，收缩体积为2.5立方厘米。偶尔会在两个头的深层发现一组纤维，与它们成直角走行并与骨间膜纤维的方向平行。浅头启动旋前动作，而深头则使关节面贴合并稳定关节。
