Friedman B L
Florence Heller Graduate School, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA.
J Aging Soc Policy. 1991;3(1-2):21-39. doi: 10.1300/J031v03n01_04.
Jobs are changing in ways that will reduce benefits for retirees. This paper explores the variety of pressures that will tend to produce this result. One major factor is that employers have been responding to cost pressures and the need for flexibility by redesigning jobs. There has been a trend--which is likely to continue--toward more part-time and temporary jobs, more subcontracting, and more contingent-pay systems. The consequences are complex and not all bad, but for retirees the tendency will be toward fewer, less generous, or less secure benefits. As workers approach retirement age facing the prospect of diminished benefits, increasing numbers of them will have to choose work to maintain their standard of living. At the same time, demographic pressures will gradually push employers to seek new pools of workers, including retirees. Gradually, employers are likely to provide fewer social-protection benefits to older people, but more employment opportunities.
工作岗位正在发生变化，这将减少退休人员的福利。本文探讨了导致这一结果的各种压力。一个主要因素是，雇主一直在通过重新设计工作岗位来应对成本压力和灵活性需求。出现了一种趋势——很可能会持续下去——朝着更多的兼职和临时工作、更多的分包以及更多的临时薪酬体系发展。其后果是复杂的，并非全是坏事，但对退休人员来说，趋势将是福利减少、福利不那么优厚或保障不那么可靠。随着临近退休年龄的工人面临福利减少的前景，越来越多的人将不得不选择工作以维持生活水平。与此同时，人口压力将逐渐促使雇主寻求新的劳动力群体，包括退休人员。渐渐地，雇主可能会为老年人提供更少的社会保护福利，但会提供更多的就业机会。
