Grosch J W, Alterman T, Petersen M R, Murphy L R
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA.
Am J Health Promot. 1998 Sep-Oct;13(1):36-45. doi: 10.4278/0890-1171-13.1.36.
To examine how the availability of and participation in worksite health promotion programs varies as a function of individual (e.g., age), organizational (e.g., occupation), and health (e.g., high blood pressure) characteristics. Availability of worksite programs was also compared to that reported in two previous national surveys of private companies.
Data analyzed were from the 1994 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a national cross-sectional probability sample of the U.S. civilian population.
Five thousand two hundred nineteen NHIS respondents met the inclusion criteria of (1) being currently employed in a company of at least 50 employees, and (2) completing the NHIS section on worksite health promotion.
Employees indicated the availability of, and their participation in, 33 different types of worksite programs. National Health Interview Survey data were also available regarding general health, blood pressure, body mass index, and medical conditions.
Smoking cessation programs had the highest mean availability (43%), followed by health education programs (31%) and screening tests (31%). Overall, availability of worksite programs appeared comparable to that reported in a recent national survey. Participation ranged from 32% for health education programs to 5% for smoking cessation programs. Compared to availability, participation depended less on individual and organizational characteristics. Healthy employees were not consistently more likely to participate in worksite health promotion programs than nonhealthy employees.
Although availability of worksite health promotion programs remains high, participation by employees in specific types of programs can vary widely. Attempts to increase participation should look beyond individual, health, and organizational variables, to specific features of the work environment that encourage involvement in health promotion activities.
研究工作场所健康促进项目的可获得性及参与情况如何随个人特征（如年龄）、组织特征（如职业）和健康特征（如高血压）而变化。还将工作场所项目的可获得性与之前两项针对私营公司的全国性调查所报告的情况进行了比较。
分析的数据来自1994年全国健康访谈调查（NHIS），这是一项对美国平民人口的全国性横断面概率抽样调查。
5219名NHIS受访者符合纳入标准，即（1）目前受雇于一家至少有50名员工的公司，以及（2）完成了NHIS中关于工作场所健康促进的部分。
员工表明了33种不同类型工作场所项目的可获得性及其参与情况。还可获得全国健康访谈调查中有关总体健康、血压、体重指数和医疗状况的数据。
戒烟项目的平均可获得性最高（43%），其次是健康教育项目（31%）和筛查测试（31%）。总体而言，工作场所项目的可获得性似乎与最近一项全国性调查所报告的情况相当。参与率从健康教育项目的32%到戒烟项目的5%不等。与可获得性相比，参与情况对个人和组织特征的依赖较小。健康员工并不总是比不健康员工更有可能参与工作场所健康促进项目。
尽管工作场所健康促进项目的可获得性仍然很高，但员工对特定类型项目的参与情况可能差异很大。提高参与度的努力应超越个人、健康和组织变量，关注鼓励参与健康促进活动的工作环境的具体特征。
