Brigell M, Bach M, Barber C, Kawasaki K, Kooijman A
Department of Neurology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
Doc Ophthalmol. 1998;95(1):1-14. doi: 10.1023/a:1001724411607.
In order to perform a technically adequate clinical electrophysiological procedure it is necessary to calibrate the stimulating and recording equipment. Published standards for the electroretinogram (ERG), electro-oculogram (EOG), visual evoked potential (VEP), and guidelines for the Pattern ERG (PERG) specify stimulus and recording parameters. Yet, most commercial instruments do not provide the means for calibration of these parameters. The goal of this document is to provide guidelines for proper calibration of stimulus and recording equipment. The need for such guidelines is clear on both clinical and scientific grounds. Stimulus and amplifier characteristics have substantial effects on the peak latency and amplitude measurements that are commonly used in clinical electrophysiology. Many review articles on clinical electrophysiology emphasize the need for establishing norms for each laboratory as a function of age and gender rather than relying on published norms. However, if stimulus and recording parameters are not calibrated periodically, then these norms may actually be misleading due to changes in stimulus or recording conditions induced by aging of equipment or inadvertent change in settings. This document is divided into two major sections. The first is concerned with calibration of the visual stimulus. It begins with background technical information on the physics of light and its measurement. This is followed by protocols for measurement of the luminous intensity of flash stimuli and the mean luminance, contrast, and visual angle of pattern stimuli. The second section is concerned with calibration of electrophysiologic recording systems. It begins with a description of the characteristics of bioelectrical signals and their measurement. This is followed by protocols for measurement of electrode impedance and amplifier calibration. Although this document was prepared as guidelines for clinical electrophysiological testing, it should be noted that the techniques described are more generally applicable to studies which are dependent upon accurate measurement of luminance or electrophysiological signals.
为了进行技术上足够的临床电生理检查，校准刺激和记录设备是必要的。已发布的视网膜电图（ERG）、眼电图（EOG）、视觉诱发电位（VEP）标准以及图形视网膜电图（PERG）指南规定了刺激和记录参数。然而，大多数商业仪器并未提供校准这些参数的方法。本文档的目的是提供刺激和记录设备正确校准的指南。从临床和科学角度来看，这种指南的必要性是显而易见的。刺激和放大器特性对临床电生理中常用的峰潜伏期和振幅测量有重大影响。许多关于临床电生理的综述文章强调，需要根据年龄和性别为每个实验室建立规范，而不是依赖已发布的规范。然而，如果刺激和记录参数不定期校准，那么由于设备老化或设置的无意改变导致刺激或记录条件的变化，这些规范实际上可能会产生误导。本文档分为两个主要部分。第一部分涉及视觉刺激的校准。它首先介绍了光的物理及其测量的背景技术信息。接下来是测量闪光刺激的发光强度以及图形刺激的平均亮度、对比度和视角的协议。第二部分涉及电生理记录系统的校准。它首先描述了生物电信号的特性及其测量。接下来是测量电极阻抗和放大器校准的协议。虽然本文档是作为临床电生理测试的指南编写的，但应注意，所描述的技术更普遍适用于依赖于亮度或电生理信号精确测量的研究。
