Kelbsch Carina, Strasser Torsten, Chen Yanjun, Feigl Beatrix, Gamlin Paul D, Kardon Randy, Peters Tobias, Roecklein Kathryn A, Steinhauer Stuart R, Szabadi Elemer, Zele Andrew J, Wilhelm Helmut, Wilhelm Barbara J
Pupil Research Group, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, AL, United States.
Front Neurol. 2019 Feb 22;10:129. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00129. eCollection 2019.
The number of research groups studying the pupil is increasing, as is the number of publications. Consequently, new standards in pupillography are needed to formalize the methodology including recording conditions, stimulus characteristics, as well as suitable parameters of evaluation. Since the description of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) there has been an increased interest and broader application of pupillography in ophthalmology as well as other fields including psychology and chronobiology. Color pupillography plays an important role not only in research but also in clinical observational and therapy studies like gene therapy of hereditary retinal degenerations and psychopathology. Stimuli can vary in size, brightness, duration, and wavelength. Stimulus paradigms determine whether rhodopsin-driven rod responses, opsin-driven cone responses, or melanopsin-driven ipRGC responses are primarily elicited. Background illumination, adaptation state, and instruction for the participants will furthermore influence the results. This standard recommends a minimum set of variables to be used for pupillography and specified in the publication methodologies. Initiated at the 32nd International Pupil Colloquium 2017 in Morges, Switzerland, the aim of this manuscript is to outline standards in pupillography based on current knowledge and experience of pupil experts in order to achieve greater comparability of pupillographic studies. Such standards will particularly facilitate the proper application of pupillography by researchers new to the field. First we describe general standards, followed by specific suggestions concerning the demands of different targets of pupil research: the afferent and efferent reflex arc, pharmacology, psychology, sleepiness-related research and animal studies.
研究瞳孔的科研团队数量在不断增加，相关出版物的数量也在增多。因此，需要制定瞳孔描记法的新标准，以使包括记录条件、刺激特征以及合适的评估参数在内的方法标准化。自从对内在光敏性视网膜神经节细胞（ipRGCs）进行描述以来，瞳孔描记法在眼科以及包括心理学和时间生物学在内的其他领域中受到了越来越多的关注并得到了更广泛的应用。彩色瞳孔描记法不仅在研究中发挥着重要作用，而且在临床观察和治疗研究中也很重要，如遗传性视网膜变性的基因治疗和精神病理学研究。刺激在大小、亮度、持续时间和波长方面可能会有所不同。刺激范式决定了主要引发的是视紫红质驱动的视杆细胞反应、视蛋白驱动的视锥细胞反应还是黑视蛋白驱动的ipRGC反应。此外，背景照明、适应状态以及对参与者的指导也会影响结果。本标准推荐了一套用于瞳孔描记法的最少变量集，并在出版物方法中进行了规定。本文稿始于2017年在瑞士莫尔日举行的第32届国际瞳孔研讨会，目的是根据瞳孔专家的现有知识和经验概述瞳孔描记法的标准，以提高瞳孔描记研究的可比性。这样的标准将特别有助于该领域的新手研究人员正确应用瞳孔描记法。首先，我们描述一般标准，然后针对瞳孔研究的不同目标需求提出具体建议：传入和传出反射弧、药理学、心理学、与嗜睡相关的研究以及动物研究。
