Brooks J O, Friedman L, Pearman A M, Gray C, Yesavage J A
Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA.
Int Psychogeriatr. 1999 Mar;11(1):75-84. doi: 10.1017/s1041610299005608.
To improve performance with mnemonic techniques for remembering words and proper names.
For word recall, a 2 x 2 factorial in which type of pretraining and length of training were between-subjects manipulations. For proper name recall, a two-group design in which type of pretraining was manipulated between subjects.
Community.
268 community-dwelling adults over the age of 55 years who wished to improve their memory.
Recall of words and proper names both before and after training in mnemonics.
Participants received a 2-week training course on two mnemonic techniques, the method of loci for words and a name association technique for proper names.
There was no effect of the pretraining manipulation on proper name recall. For word recall, however, a multiple regression that included age indicated that the older-old participants benefited more from a combination of comprehensive pretraining and extended mnemonic training than did the younger-old.
Increased training time coupled with a comprehensive pretraining regimen can improve the performance of the older-old in using mnemonics; this improved performance cannot be attributed solely to enhanced knowledge of the mnemonic.
运用记忆技巧提高单词和专有名词的记忆效果。
对于单词回忆，采用2×2析因设计，其中预训练类型和训练时长为组间操作变量。对于专有名词回忆，采用两组设计，其中预训练类型为组间操作变量。
社区。
268名年龄在55岁以上、希望提高记忆力的社区居民。
记忆术训练前后的单词和专有名词回忆情况。
参与者接受了为期两周的关于两种记忆技巧的培训课程，即用于单词记忆的地点法和用于专有名词记忆的名字联想技巧。
预训练操作对专有名词回忆没有影响。然而，对于单词回忆，一项纳入年龄因素的多元回归分析表明，与年轻老人相比，年长老人从综合预训练和延长记忆术训练的组合中获益更多。
增加训练时间并结合全面的预训练方案可以提高年长老人运用记忆术的表现；这种表现的提高不能仅仅归因于对记忆术的了解增加。
