Ondřej Jan
Department of Psychology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Br J Psychol. 2025 Nov;116(4):930-986. doi: 10.1111/bjop.12799. Epub 2025 Jun 3.
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate (1) the effectiveness of the method of loci (MoL) in enhancing recall in adults, (2) its underlying cognitive mechanisms, and (3) its neurobiological correlates. Studies on adult populations were included from multiple databases. Risk of bias was assessed, and the GRADE approach and RoBMA were used for qualitative and quantitative synthesis. The MoL showed strong evidence for a large effect on immediate serial recall compared with rehearsal (d = 0.88, 95% CI [0.47, 1.25], P(M|data) = 0.994, BF = 161.94) in adult populations. Its general effectiveness is supported by multiple cognitive mechanisms, all of which align with the levels of processing framework. Neuroimaging studies have shown consistent activation of brain regions primarily associated with spatial memory and navigation - namely, the hippocampus, parahippocampus, and retrosplenial cortex. MoL training also induces structural and functional brain changes. However, the evidence is rated as low to very low quality, mainly due to the high risk of bias and other limitations. The MoL is a powerful mnemonic for enhancing recall in adults, grounded in robust cognitive and neural mechanisms, though more rigorous studies are needed.
（1）位置记忆法（MoL）在提高成年人记忆力方面的有效性；（2）其潜在的认知机制；（3）其神经生物学相关性。从多个数据库纳入了针对成年人群的研究。评估了偏倚风险，并使用GRADE方法和RoBMA进行定性和定量综合分析。与复述相比，位置记忆法在成年人群的即时系列回忆方面显示出显著效果的有力证据（d = 0.88，95% CI [0.47, 1.25]，P(M|data) = 0.994，BF = 161.94）。其总体有效性得到多种认知机制的支持，所有这些机制都与加工水平框架一致。神经影像学研究表明，主要与空间记忆和导航相关的脑区，即海马体、海马旁回和压后皮质，出现了一致的激活。位置记忆法训练还会引起大脑结构和功能的变化。然而，证据质量被评为低到极低，主要是由于偏倚风险高和其他局限性。位置记忆法是一种强大的记忆方法，可提高成年人的记忆力，基于强大的认知和神经机制，但仍需要更严格的研究。
