Schmied B
Medizinischen Abteilung, Pulmologischen Zentrums der Stadt Wien.
Wien Med Wochenschr. 1998;148(23-24):550-5.
In 1994 the results of Pediatric AIDS Trials Group (PACTG) Protocol 076 documented that AZT chemoprophylaxis could reduce perinatal HIV-transmission by 67%. Epidemiologic data have since confirmed the efficacy of AZT for reduction of perinatal transmission and have extended this efficacy to children of women with advanced disease, low CD4 cell count and prior AZT therapy. Additionally substantial advances have been made in the understanding of the pathogenesis of the HIV-infection, and in the treatment and monitoring of HIV-disease. These advances have resulted in changes in standard antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected adults as well as in children and pregnant women. Antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy has two goals: optimizing therapy for the mother and prevention of perinatal transmission. It has to be taken into account that there are only a few data on short and long term effects on the fetus and newborn.
1994年，儿童艾滋病临床试验组（PACTG）076号方案的结果表明，齐多夫定化学预防可使围产期HIV传播减少67%。此后的流行病学数据证实了齐多夫定在减少围产期传播方面的疗效，并将这种疗效扩展到患有晚期疾病、CD4细胞计数低以及先前接受过齐多夫定治疗的妇女所生的儿童。此外，在对HIV感染发病机制的理解以及HIV疾病的治疗和监测方面也取得了重大进展。这些进展导致了针对HIV感染成人以及儿童和孕妇的标准抗逆转录病毒疗法的改变。孕期抗逆转录病毒疗法有两个目标：优化对母亲的治疗以及预防围产期传播。必须考虑到，关于对胎儿和新生儿的短期和长期影响的数据很少。
