Fall A, Diack A, Diaité A, Seye M, d'Ieteren G D
Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, CRZ/ Kolda, Senegal.
Vet Parasitol. 1999 Mar 1;81(3):235-47. doi: 10.1016/s0304-4017(98)00213-1.
Data on tsetse fly, and on village Ndama cattle collected over a 4-year period in southern Senegal, were analysed. A total of 431 Ndama cattle in four herds of three villages in the Upper Casamance area of southern Senegal were monitored monthly. Glossina morsitans submorsitans and Glossina palpalis gambiensis are present in the study area. Mean tsetse apparent density was 5.4 flies/trap/day. Trypanosome (Trypanosoma congonlense and Trypanosoma vivax) infection rate in flies was 2.4 (s.e. 0.37)%. Tsetse challenge index was 17.3 (s.e. 4.18). Mean monthly trypanosome prevalence in cattle was 2.5 (s.e. 0.51)%. Highest trypanosome prevalence occurred during the dry season, and animals less than 1-year old were more frequently infected than older animals. The linear relationship between the log10+1 tsetse challenge and the arcsine of the trypanosome prevalence was significant only when mean monthly values of these variables over the 4-year period were used with tsetse challenge preceding infection rate by 3 months. Mean monthly prevalence of strongyle, Strongyloides spp., Toxocara spp. and coccidia were 34.4 (s.e. 0.60), 2.1 (s.e. 0.18), 1.2 (s.e. 0.45) and 15.6 (s.e. 0.47)%, respectively. Calf mortality rate at 1,6 and 12 months of age was 2.1 (s.e. 2.1), 5.2 (s.e. 2.8) and 12.2 (s.e. 3.3)%, respectively. Calving interval (584 s.e. 58 days) was not influenced by trypanosome status of the cow during lactation. Calving interval was shorter by 167 days when the calf died before 1 year of age in comparison to calving intervals for which the calf survived beyond one year. Live weight at birth, 6 and 12 months of age were 15.8 (s.e. 0.54), 48.1 (s.e. 2.56) and 71.1 (s.e. 5.44) kg, respectively. Mean lactation length, total and daily milk offtake were 389 (s.e. 16) days, 231 (s.e. 15) litres and 0.69 (s.e. 0.037) litres, respectively. Trypanosome infection during lactation did not have a significant effect on the amount of milk extracted for human consumption nor did trypanosome status affect calf growth.
对在塞内加尔南部4年期间收集的采采蝇以及恩达马村牛的数据进行了分析。在塞内加尔南部上卡萨芒斯地区三个村庄的四个牛群中，对总共431头恩达马牛进行了每月监测。研究区域内存在 morsitans submorsitans 采采蝇和冈比亚须舌蝇。采采蝇的平均表观密度为5.4只/诱捕器/天。采采蝇中锥虫（刚果锥虫和活泼锥虫）感染率为2.4（标准误0.37）%。采采蝇挑战指数为17.3（标准误4.18）。牛群中锥虫的平均月患病率为2.5（标准误0.51）%。锥虫患病率最高发生在旱季，1岁以下的动物比年长动物更易感染。仅当使用这4年期间这些变量的月均值且采采蝇挑战先于感染率3个月时，log10 + 1采采蝇挑战与锥虫患病率反正弦之间的线性关系才显著。圆线虫、类圆线虫属、弓首蛔虫属和球虫的平均月患病率分别为34.4（标准误0.60）%、2.1（标准误0.18）%、1.2（标准误0.45）%和15.6（标准误0.47）%。1月龄、6月龄和12月龄犊牛的死亡率分别为2.1（标准误2.1）%、5.2（标准误2.8）%和12.2（标准误3.3）%。产犊间隔（584±58天）不受母牛泌乳期锥虫感染状况的影响。与犊牛存活超过1年的产犊间隔相比，犊牛在1岁前死亡时产犊间隔缩短167天。出生时、6月龄和12月龄的活重分别为15.8（标准误0.54）千克、48.1（标准误2.56）千克和71.1（标准误5.44）千克。平均泌乳期、总采奶量和每日采奶量分别为389（标准误16）天、231（标准误15）升和0.69（标准误0.037）升。泌乳期的锥虫感染对供人类消费的采奶量没有显著影响，锥虫感染状况也不影响犊牛生长。
