Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National d'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Service de Parasitologie, BP 2057 Dakar - Hann, Sénégal.
Parasite. 2010 Sep;17(3):257-65. doi: 10.1051/parasite/2010173257.
In 2005, the Government of Senegal initiated a tsetse eradication campaign in the Niayes and La Petite Côte aiming at the removal of African Animal Trypanosomosis (AAT), which is one of the main constraints to the development of more effective cattle production systems. The target area has particular meteorological and ecological characteristics that provide great potential for animal production, but it is unfortunately still infested by the riverine tsetse species Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank (Diptera: Glossinidae). The tsetse project in Senegal has adopted an area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) approach that targets the entire tsetse population within a delimited area. During the first phase of the programme, a feasibility study was conducted that included the collection of entomological, veterinary, population genetics, environmental and socioeconomic baseline data. This paper presents the parasitological and serological prevalence data of AAT in cattle residing inside and outside the tsetse-infested areas of the target zone prior to the control effort. At the herd level, a mean parasitological prevalence of 2.4% was observed, whereas a serological prevalence of 28.7%, 4.4%, and 0.3% was obtained for Trypanosoma vivax, T. congolense and T. brucei brucei, respectively. The observed infection risk was 3 times higher for T. congolense and T. vivax in the tsetse-infested than in the assumed tsetse-free areas. Moreover, AAT prevalence decreased significantly with distance from the nearest tsetse captured which indicated that cyclical transmission of the parasites by tsetse was predominant over mechanical transmission by numerous other biting flies present. The importance of these results for the development of a control strategy for the planned AW-IPM campaign is discussed.
2005 年，塞内加尔政府在尼奥耶斯和拉皮特科特发起了消灭采采蝇运动，旨在消除非洲动物锥虫病（AAT），这是发展更有效的牛生产系统的主要制约因素之一。目标地区具有特殊的气象和生态特征，为动物生产提供了巨大的潜力，但不幸的是，该地区仍受到河栖采采蝇 Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank（双翅目：采采蝇科）的侵害。塞内加尔的采采蝇项目采用了全区域综合虫害管理（AW-IPM）方法，针对划定区域内的整个采采蝇种群。在该计划的第一阶段，进行了一项可行性研究，包括收集昆虫学、兽医、种群遗传学、环境和社会经济基线数据。本文介绍了在控制工作之前，目标区域内受采采蝇感染和未受感染地区的牛中 AAT 的寄生虫学和血清学流行率数据。在畜群水平上，观察到寄生虫学流行率为 2.4%，而分别获得了锥虫 vivax、锥虫 congolense 和锥虫 brucei brucei 的血清学流行率为 28.7%、4.4%和 0.3%。在受采采蝇感染的地区，与假设的无采采蝇地区相比，感染锥虫 congolense 和锥虫 vivax 的风险高 3 倍。此外，AAT 的流行率随与最近捕获的采采蝇的距离的增加而显著下降，这表明寄生虫通过采采蝇的周期性传播比其他许多存在的吸血蝇的机械传播更为重要。这些结果对计划的 AW-IPM 运动控制策略的制定具有重要意义。
