Blank H
Institut für Allgemeine Psychologie, Universität Leipzig, Germany.
Memory. 1998 Sep;6(5):481-529. doi: 10.1080/741943086.
An integrative framework (IMP) is presented which depicts performance in eyewitness suggestibility experiments as the participants' solutions of memory tasks, depending on (a) a specified task-relevant memory base and (b) the participants' perception of the memory task. Three theoretical explanations of the effect of misleading post-event information are reinterpreted and reduced to one single core: individuals answer test questions while assuming the consistency of event and post-event information. The impact of such consistency assumptions (a) is demonstrated in a first experiment, where the usual misinformation effect obtained with the Loftus standard test procedure disappeared when the participants' consistency assumptions were destroyed prior to testing, and (b) manifests itself in a qualitative analysis of individual processing strategies for discrepancies between details. Experiment 2, employing methodological innovations suggested by IMP, examined the memory base and found no evidence for memory impairment or misattributions of post-event details to the witnessed scene. However, a follow-up study conducted four and a half months later revealed a strong tendency for such misattributions which might indicate long-term integration of information.
本文提出了一个综合框架（IMP），该框架将目击者易受暗示性实验中的表现描述为参与者对记忆任务的解决方案，这取决于（a）特定的与任务相关的记忆基础，以及（b）参与者对记忆任务的认知。对误导性事件后信息效应的三种理论解释进行了重新诠释，并归结为一个核心：个体在回答测试问题时假定事件信息和事件后信息是一致的。（a）这种一致性假设的影响在第一个实验中得到了证明，在该实验中，当参与者的一致性假设在测试前被破坏时，使用洛夫特斯标准测试程序通常获得的错误信息效应就消失了；（b）这种影响在对细节差异的个体处理策略的定性分析中也有所体现。实验2采用了IMP提出的方法创新，对记忆基础进行了研究，未发现记忆受损或事件后细节错误归因于目击场景的证据。然而，四个半月后进行的一项后续研究发现，这种错误归因的倾向很强，这可能表明信息的长期整合。
