Maughan R J
Department of Biomedical Science, University Medical School, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD Scotland.
Can J Appl Physiol. 1999 Apr;24(2):149-51. doi: 10.1139/h99-012.
The cause of fatigue during prolonged exercise in the heat has not been clearly established, but performance appears to be limited by thermoregulatory and fluid balance factors. Both dehydration and hyperthermia separately impair performance. Prior acclimation reduces the impact of heat, and ingestion of fluids also improves performance. Ingested fluids should contain carbohydrate and some electrolytes, primarily sodium, but many factors will dictate the choice of fluids. These include the relative need for carbohydrate to supplement endogenous stores, the need for fluid replacement, the limitations on replacement imposed by the nature of the event, and the athlete's own requirements and preferences.
在炎热环境下长时间运动时疲劳的原因尚未明确，但运动表现似乎受到体温调节和体液平衡因素的限制。脱水和体温过高都会分别损害运动表现。预先适应可减少热量的影响，摄入液体也能提高运动表现。摄入的液体应含有碳水化合物和一些电解质，主要是钠，但许多因素会决定液体的选择。这些因素包括补充内源性储备对碳水化合物的相对需求、液体补充的需求、赛事性质对补充的限制以及运动员自身的需求和偏好。
