School of Sport and Health Exercise Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010 Oct;20 Suppl 3:117-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01221.x.
Dehydration and hyperthermia both, if sufficiently severe, will impair exercise performance. Dehydration can also impair performance of tasks requiring cognition and skill. Body temperature may exceed 40 °C in competitive games played in hot weather, but limited data are available. Football played in the heat, therefore, poses a challenge, and effects on some aspects of performance become apparent as environmental temperature increases above about 12-15 °C. Prior acclimatization will reduce the impact of high environmental temperatures but provides limited protection when humidity is also high. Ingestion of fluids is effective in limiting the detrimental effects on performance: drinks with added carbohydrate and electrolytes are generally more effective than plain water and drinks may be more effective if taken cold than if taken at ambient temperature. Pre-exercise lowering of body temperature may aid some aspects of performance, but the efficacy has not been demonstrated in football.
脱水和过热，如果足够严重，都会损害运动表现。脱水也会影响需要认知和技能的任务表现。在炎热天气下进行的竞技比赛中，体温可能会超过 40°C，但可用的数据有限。因此，在高温下进行足球比赛是一个挑战，随着环境温度升高超过约 12-15°C，某些方面的表现就会变得明显。预先适应会降低高温环境的影响，但当湿度也很高时，适应的效果有限。摄入液体可有效限制对表现的不利影响：添加碳水化合物和电解质的饮料通常比白开水更有效，如果冷饮比常温饮料更有效。运动前降低体温可能有助于某些方面的表现，但在足球比赛中还没有证明其效果。
