Corsi-Cabrera M, Arce C, Del Río-Portilla I Y, Pérez-Garci E, Guevara M A
Facultad de Psicología, Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Universidad México, D.F.
Sleep. 1999 Mar 15;22(2):181-9.
Eight adult males were subjected to 40 hours of total sleep deprivation (TSD). Reaction time in a visual task and electroncephalographam (C3) were evaluated every 2 hours. One second of EEG before the stimuli was Fourier-transformed, and 750 ms after target and nontarget stimuli were averaged and visual event-related potentials (ERP) were obtained. Factorial analysis identified time windows that showed significant amplitude reduction and longer latencies with TSD: (1) 140 to 288 ms (P180-N242-P281); (2) 288 to 413 ms and 601 to 749 ms (N382; P718) and; (3) 531 to 601 ms (N500). Effect was strongest for N382 and P718, the amplitudes of which dropped to 20% of original size. The entire waveform recovered initial amplitudes and latencies after recovery sleep except for P718 latency. Waveforms within similar time intervals have been associated with attentional gating, sensory discrimination, target selection, uncertainty and decision processes. Amplitudes of the visual ERP were inversely correlated with hours of TSD, reaction time, and absolute power of the prestimulus EEG. Present results clearly show changes in fundamental neurophysiologic mechanisms as a result of TSD, indicating variability and reduction of the alertness mechanisms and changes in thalamocortical gating affecting attention, discrimination and decision-making.
八名成年男性经历了40小时的完全睡眠剥夺（TSD）。每两小时评估一次视觉任务中的反应时间和脑电图（C3）。对刺激前一秒的脑电图进行傅里叶变换，对目标刺激和非目标刺激后750毫秒的脑电图进行平均，从而获得视觉事件相关电位（ERP）。因子分析确定了在TSD情况下出现显著振幅降低和潜伏期延长的时间窗：（1）140至288毫秒（P180-N242-P281）；（2）288至413毫秒和601至749毫秒（N382；P718）；以及（3）531至601毫秒（N500）。对N382和P718的影响最强，其振幅降至原始大小的20%。除P718潜伏期外，整个波形在恢复睡眠后恢复了初始振幅和潜伏期。相似时间间隔内的波形与注意力门控、感觉辨别、目标选择、不确定性和决策过程有关。视觉ERP的振幅与TSD时长、反应时间以及刺激前脑电图的绝对功率呈负相关。目前的结果清楚地表明，TSD导致了基本神经生理机制的变化，这表明警觉机制的变异性和降低，以及丘脑皮质门控的变化影响了注意力、辨别力和决策。
