Moss J E, Aliprantis A O, Zychlinsky A
Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York City 10016, USA.
Int Rev Cytol. 1999;187:203-59. doi: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)62419-5.
In the past few years, there has been remarkable progress unraveling the mechanism and significance of eukaryotic programmed cell death (PCD), or apoptosis. Not surprisingly, it has been discovered that numerous, unrelated microbial pathogens engage or circumvent the host's apoptotic program. In this chapter, we briefly summarize apoptosis, emphasizing those studies which assist the reader in understanding the subsequent discussion on PCD and pathogens. We then examine the relationship between virulent bacteria and apoptosis. This section is organized to reflect both common and diverse mechanisms employed by bacteria to induce PCD. A short discussion of parasites and fungi is followed by a detailed description of the interaction of viral pathogens with the apoptotic machinery. Throughout the review, apoptosis is considered within the broader contexts of pathogenesis, virulence, and host defense. Our goals are to update the reader on this rapidly expanding field and identify topics in the current literature which demand further investigation.
在过去几年中，在揭示真核生物程序性细胞死亡（PCD）即细胞凋亡的机制和意义方面取得了显著进展。不出所料，人们发现许多不相关的微生物病原体能够利用或规避宿主的凋亡程序。在本章中，我们简要总结细胞凋亡，重点介绍那些有助于读者理解后续关于PCD和病原体讨论的研究。然后我们研究致病细菌与细胞凋亡之间的关系。本节的组织方式反映了细菌诱导PCD所采用的常见和多样机制。在对寄生虫和真菌进行简短讨论之后，将详细描述病毒病原体与凋亡机制的相互作用。在整个综述中，细胞凋亡是在发病机制、毒力和宿主防御的更广泛背景下进行考虑的。我们的目标是向读者介绍这个迅速发展的领域，并确定当前文献中需要进一步研究的主题。
