Dal Canton I, Calligaro A L, Dal Canton F, Frosio-Roncalli M, Calligaro A
Nephrology Unit and Institute of Histology and General Embryology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Italy.
Am J Nephrol. 1999;19(2):304-7. doi: 10.1159/000013465.
Camillo Golgi was awarded the Nobel prize in 1906 for his studies on the fine anatomy of the central nervous system. His wide present popularity depends on his discovery of the cell apparatus, the tendon mechanoreceptor and the tactile corpuscles of the fingertips that are named after him. However, Golgi also made important contributions to nephrology. In 1882, he published novel observations on the mechanism of renal hypertrophy, which he understood to be due to renal cell proliferation. Two years later, he described tubular cell mitoses in the kidney of a patient with tubulointerstitial nephritis, which he interpreted as an essential part of the repair process. His most important findings, published in 1889, were obtained by studying the microscopic anatomy of the kidney with an original technique that allowed the isolation of whole intact nephrons. He discovered that the ascending limb of Henle's loop always returned to the glomerulus from which the tubule originated, and he realized that the early distal tubule passed between the glomerular arterioles. In addition, applying the same method to dissect nephrons in progressive phases of development, he identified exactly what tubular segments originated from the various parts of the metanephric early S-shaped structure.
卡米洛·高尔基在1906年因对中枢神经系统精细解剖学的研究而获得诺贝尔奖。他如今广为人知，得益于他发现了细胞器官、肌腱机械感受器以及以他命名的指尖触觉小体。然而，高尔基对肾脏病学也做出了重要贡献。1882年，他发表了关于肾肥大机制的新观察结果，他认为这是由于肾细胞增殖所致。两年后，他描述了一名患有肾小管间质性肾炎患者肾脏中的肾小管细胞有丝分裂，他将其解释为修复过程的重要组成部分。他最重要的发现发表于1889年，是通过一种原始技术研究肾脏的微观解剖学获得的，该技术能够分离出完整的肾单位。他发现亨氏袢的升支总是回到其所属肾小管起源的肾小球，并且他意识到早期远端小管穿过肾小球小动脉之间。此外，运用相同方法剖析处于发育不同阶段的肾单位，他准确确定了哪些肾小管节段源自后肾早期S形结构的各个部分。
