Bourée P, Benoist L, Perolat P
Département des maladies parasitaires et tropicales, Hôpital Bicêtre, France.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 1999 Feb;92(1):51-5.
Leptospirosis is a frequent zoonosis in New Caledonia, mostly in the Bourail area, with an incidence of 9.5/1000 inhabitants. This town is an important cross-roads between the main town, Noumea, and the bush. An agricultural show takes place every year in this town, concentrating a great number of domestic animals and several thousand people coming from all over the island. A study was carried out on 78 patients with leptospirosis. The patients were mostly men (70%) of all ages of Melanesian and European origin. People who were living in the bush were more often attacked by leptospirosis than people living in towns. There were two annual peak values (March-April and July-August). Three symptoms (fever, headache, myalgia) were frequent (56%). Leucocytosis increased in 45% of cases. The serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae was the more common (38%). After treatment by penicillin, patients recovered in 83% of cases, but a fatal outcome occurred in 4 patients. An information campaign was necessary in order that people seek medical care as soon as the first symptoms appeared. At present, vaccination does not seem to be possible in such a context.
钩端螺旋体病在新喀里多尼亚是一种常见的人畜共患病，主要发生在布拉伊地区，发病率为9.5/1000居民。该镇是主要城市努美阿与丛林之间的重要枢纽。每年在这个镇上都会举办一场农业展览，聚集了大量家畜和来自全岛各地的数千人。对78例钩端螺旋体病患者进行了一项研究。患者大多为男性（70%），年龄各异，有美拉尼西亚和欧洲血统。生活在丛林中的人比生活在城镇中的人更容易感染钩端螺旋体病。有两个年度峰值（3月至4月和7月至8月）。三种症状（发热、头痛、肌痛）很常见（56%）。45%的病例白细胞增多。黄疸出血型血清群最为常见（38%）。经青霉素治疗后，83%的病例康复，但有4例患者死亡。有必要开展宣传活动，以便人们在出现最初症状时尽快就医。目前，在这种情况下似乎无法进行疫苗接种。
