Greenfield A J, Athanasoulis C A, Waltman A C, LeMoure E R
AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1978 Oct;131(4):651-5. doi: 10.2214/ajr.131.4.651.
Reflux of embolic material during therapeutic transcatheter embolization is a potential complication which can result in occlusion of distal vascular beds. The conditions under which reflux was demonstrated in laboratory animals include (1) low flow states, (2) overvigorous flushing, (3) selective contrast injections, and (4) placement of embolic material too proximally. Balloon occlusion of the orifice of the vessel undergoing embolization protects against reflux and allows more homogenous embolization. Because of experience gained in the laboratory, therapeutic transcatheter embolization is now performed in patients with balloon catheter protection. Preliminary clinical experience is described.
治疗性经导管栓塞过程中栓塞材料的反流是一种潜在并发症，可导致远端血管床闭塞。在实验动物中证实出现反流的情况包括：（1）低血流状态；（2）过度用力冲洗；（3）选择性造影剂注射；（4）栓塞材料放置过于靠近近端。对正在进行栓塞的血管开口进行球囊闭塞可防止反流，并实现更均匀的栓塞。基于在实验室获得的经验，现在在有球囊导管保护的患者中进行治疗性经导管栓塞。本文描述了初步的临床经验。
