Caris-Verhallen W M, Kerkstra A, Bensing J M
Department of Nursing and Caring Research, Netherlands Institute of Primary Health Care (NIVEL), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
J Adv Nurs. 1999 Apr;29(4):808-18. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1999.00965.x.
This study explores the occurrence of non-verbal communication in nurse-elderly patient interaction in two different care settings: home nursing and a home for the elderly. In a sample of 181 nursing encounters involving 47 nurses a study was made of videotaped nurse-patient communication. Six non-verbal behaviours were observed: patient-directed eye gaze, affirmative head nodding, smiling, forward leaning, affective touch and instrumental touch. With the exception of instrumental touch these non-verbal behaviours are important in establishing a good relationship with the patient. To study the relationship between non-verbal and verbal communication, verbal communication was observed using an adapted version of Roter's Interaction Analysis System, which distinguishes socio-emotional and task-related communication. Data were analysed in hierarchical linear models. The results demonstrated that nurses use mainly eye gaze, head nodding and smiling to establish a good relation with their patients. The use of affective touch is mainly attributable to nurses' personal style. Compared to nurses in the community, nurses in the home for the elderly more often display non-verbal behaviours such as patient-directed gaze and affective touch.
本研究探讨了在两种不同护理环境（家庭护理和养老院）中护士与老年患者互动时非语言沟通的发生情况。在涉及47名护士的181次护理接触样本中，对护士与患者沟通的录像进行了研究。观察到六种非语言行为：指向患者的目光注视、肯定性点头、微笑、身体前倾、情感触摸和工具性触摸。除工具性触摸外，这些非语言行为对于与患者建立良好关系很重要。为了研究非语言沟通与语言沟通之间的关系，使用Roter互动分析系统的改编版本观察语言沟通，该系统区分社会情感沟通和与任务相关的沟通。数据采用分层线性模型进行分析。结果表明，护士主要通过目光注视、点头和微笑与患者建立良好关系。情感触摸的使用主要归因于护士的个人风格。与社区护士相比，养老院护士更常表现出指向患者的目光注视和情感触摸等非语言行为。
