Ursino M
University of Bologna.
IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1999 Apr;46(4):382-92. doi: 10.1109/10.752935.
A mathematical model of short-term arterial pressure control by the carotid baroreceptors in vagotomized subjects is presented. It includes an elastance variable description of the left and right heart, the systemic and pulmonary circulations, the afferent carotid baroreceptor pathway, a central elaboration unit, and the action of five effector mechanisms. Simulation results suggest that the carotid baroreflex is able to significantly modulate the cardiac function curve, but this effect is masked in vivo by changes in arterial pressure and atrial pressure. During heart pacing, cardiac output increases with frequency at moderate levels of heart rate, then fails to increase further due to a reduction in stroke volume. Shifting from nonpulsatile to pulsatile perfusion of the carotid sinuses decreases the overall baroreflex gain. Finally, a sensitivity analysis suggests that venous unstressed volume control plays the major role in the early hemodynamic response to acute hemorrhage, whereas systemic resistance control is less important. In all cases, there has been satisfactory agreement between model and experimental results.
本文提出了一个用于描述迷走神经切断受试者中颈动脉压力感受器对短期动脉血压控制的数学模型。该模型包括对左右心脏、体循环和肺循环的弹性变量描述、颈动脉压力感受器传入通路、一个中枢处理单元以及五种效应机制的作用。模拟结果表明，颈动脉压力反射能够显著调节心脏功能曲线，但这种效应在体内会被动脉血压和心房压力的变化所掩盖。在心脏起搏过程中，心输出量在中等心率水平下随频率增加，然后由于每搏输出量减少而不再进一步增加。从非搏动性灌注颈动脉窦转变为搏动性灌注会降低整体压力反射增益。最后，敏感性分析表明，静脉无应力容量控制在急性出血早期血流动力学反应中起主要作用，而全身阻力控制的重要性较低。在所有情况下，模型与实验结果之间都达成了令人满意的一致性。
