Wiele R L, Antunes J L, Ferin M
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1978 Dec 1;132(7):752-7. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(78)80009-x.
In the rhesus monkey, there is abundant evidence to indicate that ovarian secretions, mainly estradiol-17beta, control "tonic" as well as "cyclic" secretion of gonadotropins during the menstrual cycle. This mechanism of control ensures coordination of ovarian morphology and anterior pituitary secretory patterns. The primary site of action of estradiol in controlling both "tonic" and "cyclic" secretion of gonadotropins has been circumscribed to the medial basal hypothalamic-pituitary unit. A modulatory role in "cyclic" secretion by neural structures situated within the anterior hypothalamic-preoptic area or by efferent fibers in passage through this region also has been postulated. However, the accrued evidence indicates that in the primate, contrary to the rodent, the role of these rostral neural structures is not essential for menstrual cyclicity. Strong evidence also indicates that the isolated pituitary gland can respond to estrogen signals as well. Secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, the hypothalamic decapeptide, into the long portal vessels is, however, essential to maintain function of the gonadotroph. Further, pulsatile release of luteinizing hormone is distinctly under the control of a similarly paced hypothalamic clock.
在恒河猴中，有大量证据表明，卵巢分泌物（主要是雌二醇 - 17β）在月经周期中控制促性腺激素的“持续性”和“周期性”分泌。这种控制机制确保了卵巢形态与垂体前叶分泌模式的协调。雌二醇控制促性腺激素“持续性”和“周期性”分泌的主要作用部位已被限定在内侧基底下丘脑 - 垂体单位。也有人推测，位于下丘脑前部 - 视前区的神经结构或通过该区域的传出纤维在“周期性”分泌中起调节作用。然而，累积的证据表明，在灵长类动物中，与啮齿动物不同，这些脑前部神经结构对月经周期并非必不可少。有力的证据还表明，分离的垂体腺也能对雌激素信号作出反应。然而，下丘脑十肽促性腺激素释放激素分泌到长的门静脉血管中对于维持促性腺细胞的功能至关重要。此外，促黄体生成素的脉冲式释放明显受类似节律的下丘脑生物钟控制。
