Williams C L, Perry C L, Farbakhsh K, Veblen-Mortenson S
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55454, USA.
J Stud Alcohol Suppl. 1999 Mar;13:112-24. doi: 10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.112.
Project Northland is an ongoing prevention trial with the objective of reducing underage drinking and related problems. Phase I focused on early adolescence and this study describes the multiple interventions, highlighting its parent components.
A cohort design was used with sixth graders from 24 school districts (N = 2,35 1: 97% of the eligible population: 51.3% boys), randomly assigned to intervention or reference condition. Phase I ended in eighth grade (N = 1,901: 81% retention rate). Both demand and supply reduction guided the interventions. This study examined Project Northland's impact using MMPI-A scales assessing clinical problems related to adolescents' alcohol and other drug use (Alcohol/Drug Problems Proneness scale; Alcohol/Drug Problems Acknowledgement scale), as well as MMPI-A scales related to school functioning (Adolescent-School Problems Content scale: Adolescent-Low Aspirations Content scale) and family functioning (Adolescent-Family Problems Content scale).
Results showed significant reductions on the MMPI-A Proneness scale for those exposed to the interventions. The greatest program effects were among baseline nonusers of alcohol.
Results suggest that the impact of Project Northland is not only on specifically targeted alcohol and drug use behaviors and their predictive factors, but also on intra-individual and familial factors generally considered precursors of more extensive problem behaviors and more resistant to change. Furthermore, the engaging home-based sixth-grade intervention, the Slick Tracy Home Team Program, is a promising population-based prevention approach that may generalize to other serious problems within a young person's family.
“北国计划”是一项正在进行的预防试验，旨在减少未成年人饮酒及相关问题。第一阶段聚焦于青春期早期，本研究描述了多种干预措施，重点介绍了其中针对家长的部分。
采用队列设计，选取了来自24个学区的六年级学生（N = 2351：占符合条件人群的97%；男生占51.3%），随机分为干预组或对照组。第一阶段在八年级结束（N = 1901：保留率为81%）。减少需求和供应的措施都贯穿于干预过程中。本研究使用明尼苏达多相人格量表青少年版（MMPI-A）的量表来评估与青少年酒精和其他药物使用相关的临床问题（酒精/药物问题倾向量表；酒精/药物问题认知量表），以及与学校功能（青少年-学校问题内容量表：青少年-低抱负内容量表）和家庭功能（青少年-家庭问题内容量表）相关的MMPI-A量表，以此来考察“北国计划”的影响。
结果显示，接受干预的人群在MMPI-A倾向量表上有显著下降。最大的项目效果出现在基线时不饮酒的人群中。
结果表明，“北国计划”的影响不仅体现在特定目标的酒精和药物使用行为及其预测因素上，还体现在通常被认为是更广泛问题行为的先兆且更难改变的个体内和家庭因素上。此外，引人入胜的以家庭为基础的六年级干预措施“机灵特蕾西家庭团队计划”，是一种有前景的基于人群的预防方法，可能适用于年轻人家庭中的其他严重问题。
