Van Ryzin Mark J, Roseth Cary J, Fosco Gregory M, Lee You-Kyung, Chen I-Chien
Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Drive, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
Michigan State University College of Education, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2016 Apr;45:72-80. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.03.007. Epub 2016 Apr 3.
Although research has documented the positive effects of family-based prevention programs, the field lacks specific information regarding why these programs are effective. The current study summarized the effects of family-based programs on adolescent substance use using a component-based approach to meta-analysis in which we decomposed programs into a set of key topics or components that were specifically addressed by program curricula (e.g., parental monitoring/behavior management,problem solving, positive family relations, etc.). Components were coded according to the amount of time spent on program services that targeted youth, parents, and the whole family; we also coded effect sizes across studies for each substance-related outcome. Given the nested nature of the data, we used hierarchical linear modeling to link program components (Level 2) with effect sizes (Level 1). The overall effect size across programs was .31, which did not differ by type of substance. Youth-focused components designed to encourage more positive family relationships and a positive orientation toward the future emerged as key factors predicting larger than average effect sizes. Our results suggest that, within the universe of family-based prevention, where components such as parental monitoring/behavior management are almost universal, adding or expanding certain youth-focused components may be able to enhance program efficacy.
尽管研究已经记录了基于家庭的预防项目的积极效果，但该领域缺乏关于这些项目为何有效的具体信息。当前的研究采用基于成分的元分析方法，总结了基于家庭的项目对青少年物质使用的影响，在这种方法中，我们将项目分解为一系列项目课程专门涉及的关键主题或成分（例如，父母监督/行为管理、解决问题、积极的家庭关系等）。根据针对青少年、父母和整个家庭的项目服务所花费的时间对成分进行编码；我们还对每项与物质相关结果的研究中的效应量进行编码。鉴于数据的嵌套性质，我们使用分层线性模型将项目成分（第2层）与效应量（第1层）联系起来。所有项目的总体效应量为0.31，不同物质类型之间没有差异。旨在鼓励更积极的家庭关系和对未来持积极态度的以青少年为重点的成分，成为预测效应量大于平均水平的关键因素。我们的结果表明，在基于家庭的预防领域中，诸如父母监督/行为管理等成分几乎是普遍存在的，增加或扩展某些以青少年为重点的成分可能能够提高项目效果。
