Majeres R L
Department of Psychology, Western Illinois University, Macomb 61455, USA.
Mem Cognit. 1999 Mar;27(2):246-53. doi: 10.3758/bf03211409.
Sex differences in phonological processing were investigated in four experiments. Two experiments required college students to decide whether two five-letter strings matched. Same-case (AA) pairs of letter strings could be matched using physical features, whereas mixed-case (Aa) pairs of letter strings required the mediation of a speech-based code (letter name) for the comparison. Women were significantly faster than men when the comparisons required the speech-based codes. In another experiment, college students read lists of words and lists of pseudohomophones to determine whether there was a sex difference in the computation of phonology for unfamiliar words (assembled phonology). In a final experiment, students read lists of words with phonologically inconsistent spelling patterns to determine whether there was a sex difference in accessing pronunciations of familiar words (addressed phonology). Women were more proficient than men under both of these conditions. Results were interpreted in terms of a female advantage in both prelexical and lexical processing, an advantage that may stem from a sex difference in the quality of the phonological representations.
通过四项实验对语音处理中的性别差异进行了研究。两项实验要求大学生判断两个由五个字母组成的字符串是否匹配。同大小写（AA）的字母字符串对可以利用物理特征进行匹配，而异大小写（Aa）的字母字符串对则需要基于语音的编码（字母名称）来进行比较。当比较需要基于语音的编码时，女性的速度明显比男性快。在另一项实验中，大学生阅读单词列表和假同音字列表，以确定在处理不熟悉单词的语音计算（组合语音）方面是否存在性别差异。在最后一项实验中，学生阅读拼写模式在语音上不一致的单词列表，以确定在获取熟悉单词的发音（寻址语音）方面是否存在性别差异。在这两种情况下，女性都比男性更熟练。研究结果被解释为女性在词前和词汇处理方面都具有优势，这种优势可能源于语音表征质量上的性别差异。
