Ventura Paulo, Fernandes Tânia, Leite Isabel, Pereira Alexandre, Wong Alan C-N
Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-013 Lisboa, Portugal.
Departamento de Psicologia, Universidade de Évora, Colégio Pedro da Fonseca, Parque Industrial e Tecnológico de Évora, Rua da Barba Rala, 7000-554 Évora, Portugal.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2019 Oct;201:102944. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.102944. Epub 2019 Nov 6.
Holistic processing, a hallmark of face processing, has been shown for written words, signaled by the word composite effect. Fluent readers find it harder to focus on one half of a written word (e.g., the first syllable of a CV.CV word) while ignoring the other half (e.g., the second syllable), especially when the two halves are aligned rather than misaligned. Given the linguistic nature of written words, in the present study, we examined whether the word composite effect is modulated by phonology. In Experiment 1, participants saw two sequentially presented CV.CV words and had to decide if the left half (first syllable) was the same or not, regardless of the right half. The word pairs were either phonologically consistent (univocal orthography to phonology mapping; e.g., TI is always /ti/ in Portuguese) or inconsistent (orthography can map into different phonological representations; e.g., CA can correspond to /ka/ or /kɐ/). The word composite effect was found for phonologically consistent words but not for phonologically inconsistent words. In Experiment 2, timing of trial events was reduced to test whether the influence of phonology was fast and automatic. Similar to what was found in Experiment 1, the word composite effect was found only for phonologically consistent words. The faster trial events in Experiment 2 rendered it less likely that the influence of phonology in word composite effect is merely a result of strategic processing. These findings suggest that holistic processing of visual words is modulated by fast and automatic activation of lexical phonological representations.
整体加工是面部加工的一个标志，书面文字也存在整体加工，这由词合成效应所表明。流畅的阅读者发现，在忽略书面文字的另一半（例如，CV.CV单词的第二个音节）的同时，专注于其一半（例如，CV.CV单词的第一个音节）会更难，尤其是当两半对齐而非错位时。鉴于书面文字的语言性质，在本研究中，我们考察了词合成效应是否受语音学调节。在实验1中，参与者看到两个相继呈现的CV.CV单词，并必须判断左半部分（第一个音节）是否相同，而不考虑右半部分。单词对要么在语音上一致（正字法到语音的单值映射；例如，在葡萄牙语中TI总是发/ti/音），要么不一致（正字法可以映射到不同的语音表征；例如，CA可以对应/ka/或/kɐ/）。结果发现，语音一致的单词存在词合成效应，而语音不一致的单词则不存在。在实验2中，减少了试验事件的时间，以测试语音的影响是否快速且自动。与实验1的结果相似，仅在语音一致的单词中发现了词合成效应。实验2中更快的试验事件使得语音在词合成效应中的影响仅仅是策略性加工结果的可能性降低。这些发现表明，视觉单词的整体加工受词汇语音表征的快速自动激活调节。
