Wise S P, Murray E A
Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4415, USA.
Hippocampus. 1999;9(2):101-17. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1063(1999)9:2<101::AID-HIPO3>3.0.CO;2-L.
Macaque monkeys can learn arbitrary mappings between stimuli and spatially directed actions (often termed conditional motor learning), and, after the development of a strong learning set, can do so in just a few trials. Ablation studies have shown that the hippocampus plus subjacent cortex is necessary for this rapid and highly flexible type of learning. We consider evidence that the arbitrary mapping function of the hippocampal system may be more general and fundamental than currently accepted and what limitations there may be, if any, on the information that it can map. Removal of the hippocampal system yields a pattern of deficits and preserved abilities that correlates remarkably closely with that found in human global amnesics, such as patient H.M., on a variety of declarative memory tasks. Thus, the rapid acquisition of arbitrary visuomotor mappings may represent an example of declarative memory in nonhuman primates.
猕猴能够学习刺激与空间定向动作之间的任意映射（通常称为条件性运动学习），并且在形成强大的学习集后，只需几次试验就能做到。切除研究表明，海马体及其下方的皮质对于这种快速且高度灵活的学习类型是必需的。我们考虑了一些证据，即海马体系统的任意映射功能可能比目前所认为的更为普遍和基础，以及如果存在的话，它能够映射的信息可能存在哪些限制。切除海马体系统会产生一种缺陷和保留能力的模式，这与在人类整体性失忆症患者（如患者H.M.）身上发现的模式在各种陈述性记忆任务中显著密切相关。因此，快速习得任意视觉运动映射可能代表了非人类灵长类动物陈述性记忆的一个例子。
