Shaw C
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Leicester, 22-28 Princess Road West, Leicester LE1 6TP, England.
J Adv Nurs. 1999 May;29(5):1246-55. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1999.01010.x.
This paper presents a theoretical framework for the study of coping, illness attribution, health behaviour and outcomes. It is based upon models developed within health psychology and aims to provide a theoretical basis for nurse researchers to utilize psychosocial variables. It is an interactionist model which views outcomes as dependent upon both situation and person variables. The situation is viewed as the health threat or illness symptoms as well as the psychosocial context within which the person is operating. This context includes socio-economic factors, social support, social norms, and external factors such as the mass media. The experience of health threat is dependent upon individual appraisal, and the framework incorporates Folkman and Lazarus' transactional model of stress, as well as Leventhal's illness representation model. Behaviour and the perception of threat are also dependent upon outcome expectancies and the appraisal of one's own coping resources, and so the concepts of locus of control and self-efficacy are also incorporated. This framework allows one to identify determinants of behaviour and outcome, and will aid nurses in identifying areas for psycho-social intervention.
本文提出了一个用于研究应对方式、疾病归因、健康行为及结果的理论框架。它基于健康心理学领域所开发的模型，旨在为护理研究人员运用社会心理变量提供理论依据。这是一个交互作用模型，该模型认为结果取决于情境变量和个体变量。情境被视为健康威胁或疾病症状，以及个体所处的社会心理环境。这种环境包括社会经济因素、社会支持、社会规范以及诸如大众媒体等外部因素。健康威胁的体验取决于个体评估，该框架纳入了福克曼和拉扎勒斯的应激交互作用模型，以及莱文索尔的疾病表征模型。行为和威胁感知也取决于结果预期以及对自身应对资源的评估，因此控制点和自我效能感的概念也被纳入其中。该框架使人们能够确定行为和结果的决定因素，并将有助于护士确定心理社会干预的领域。
