Wensor M, McCarty C A, Taylor H R
Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Australia.
Arch Ophthalmol. 1999 May;117(5):658-63. doi: 10.1001/archopht.117.5.658.
To determine the prevalence and risk factors of myopia in urban and rural Victoria, Australia.
The Visual Impairment Project is a population-based prevalence study of eye disease in which both urban and rural adult populations were examined. Refractive data on the participants were collected using logMAR visual acuity, corrective lens measurement, and subjective refraction. All refractive error data were converted into spherical equivalent and myopia was defined at 2 levels: worse than -0.5 diopters (D) and worse than -1.00 D.
A total of 3271 (83%) urban and 1473 (91%) rural residents were examined. The overall prevalence of myopia worse than -0.50 D in the population was 17% (95% confidence limit = 15.8%, 18.0%). Prevalence of myopia decreased from 24% in those aged 40 to 49 years to 12% in those aged 70 to 79 years, and then increased to 17% in people older than 80 years. The younger age groups also had higher usage of myopic corrective lenses throughout their lives than the older age groups, indicating an increased use of myopic corrective lenses in recent times. Myopia was found to be significantly higher in people with higher education levels (chi2 = 119.20, P < .001), in clerks and professionals (chi2 = 132.53, P < .001), in people born in southeast Asia (chi2 = 77.62, P < .001), and in people with higher degrees of nuclear opacity (chi2 = 55.26, P < .001).
Myopia rates in the Visual Impairment Project generally decrease with age and use of myopic correction has increased in recent times. Myopia was significantly related to education level, occupation, country of birth, and nuclear opacity.
确定澳大利亚维多利亚州城乡地区近视的患病率及危险因素。
视力损害项目是一项基于人群的眼病患病率研究，对城乡成年人群进行了检查。使用对数最小分辨角视力、矫正镜片测量和主观验光收集参与者的屈光数据。所有屈光不正数据均转换为等效球镜度，近视定义为两个水平：低于-0.50屈光度（D）和低于-1.00D。
共检查了3271名（83%）城市居民和1473名（91%）农村居民。人群中近视度数低于-0.50D的总体患病率为17%（95%置信区间=15.8%，18.0%）。近视患病率从40至49岁人群中的24%下降至70至79岁人群中的12%，然后在80岁以上人群中升至17%。较年轻年龄组在其一生中使用近视矫正镜片的比例也高于较年长年龄组，表明近期近视矫正镜片的使用有所增加。发现近视在受过高等教育的人群中显著更高（χ²=119.20，P<.001），在职员和专业人员中（χ²=132.53，P<.001），在出生于东南亚的人群中（χ²=77.62，P<.001），以及在核混浊程度较高的人群中（χ²=55.26，P<.001）。
视力损害项目中的近视率一般随年龄增长而下降，近期近视矫正的使用有所增加。近视与教育水平、职业、出生国家和核混浊显著相关。
